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    Title: French Cave Paintings

    Author: Jean Clottes

    Posting Date: April 18, 2015 [EBook #249]
    Release Date: April, 1995
    First Posted: March 10, 1995

    Language: English

    Character set encoding: UTF-8

    *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FRENCH CAVE PAINTINGS ***

# Project Gutenberg # "20,000 Year Old Cave Paintings" ## Author(s) Unknown, Contributed by Monsieur Jean Clottes #### 1st XHTML Edition by Pietro Di Miceli November 2000

#### Foreword by the Editor

This is a XHTML version of "French Cave Paintings", originally published by Project Gutenberg on April 1995 as e-text #249 and consisting of a set of documents available under the Generic Name of "cavepxxx.xxx".

These documents have been embedded together in this strictly valid (as of the time it was prepared) XHTML 1.0 document, thanks to which they can be viewed as a single multimedia document using any Web browser capable to render standard, well-formed HTML or XHTML files.

Complete, up-to-date, information about the Library Catalog Record referring to this work, and its past and possible future editions, can be found starting from the Project Gutenberg Web site, http://www.gutenberg.org/

Rome, November 2000.

## CONTENTS

- Document: Cavep.eng
- Document: Cavep.fr
- List of Pictures (JPEG)
- JPEG Pictures
  - CHEVO11.JPG
  - MAMOT11.JPG
  - GVPDA11.JPG
  - HYENE11.JPG
- List of Pictures (GIF)
- GIF Pictures
  - CHEVO11.GIF
  - MAMOT11.GIF
  - GVPDA11.GIF
  - HYENE11.GIF

We are not sure Mr. Clottes wants to keep a copyright on these, or whether he wants to put them in the Public Domain; in either case, we would prefer not to jeopardize his rights, and we thus are preparing this release as if it were copyrighted in 1995.

The translation in the original message we received was: "All rights reserved" so we are presuming the copyright. "Tous droits reserves" in the original French message... which is also included in this package and in English.

If you want to get permission to use these for more uses than a private one, we suggest you contact the Minstry of Culture.

Here is the permission statement we received in both French and English, and we are VERY glad to have received it on such short notice, and did not want to disturb things further by asking an additional time for more details.

Monsieur,

Comme suite votre courrier ilectronique du 7 fivrier dernier, je vous informe que M. Jean Clottes, conseiller scientifique du sous-directeur de l'archiologie et auteur des quatre photographies et du texte sur la grotte ricemment dicouverte en Ardhche, a donni son autorisation pour l'utilisation de ses photographies dans le cadre du projet de CD-ROM Gutenberg.

Merci de ne pas oublier de mentionner son nom sur les documents publiis.

Sir,

As per your email of February 7th, I informed Mr. Jean Clottes, Scientific Consul to the Deputy-Director of Archeology and author of the four photographs and the texts concerning the cave paintings discovered in Ardhche, to get his authorization for the utilization of his photographs by the staff of Project Gutenberg's CDROM.

Please do not forget to mention his name in the documents you publish.

< Top of Document <Contents

## Project Gutenberg Document: Cavep.eng

    This is an English translation of the original message we received.
    This file should be named cavep.eng
    The original French language file should be names cavep.fr

    Only the first portion has been translated, more coming.

    AN EXCEPTIONAL ARCHEOLOGICAL DISCOVERY

    A Paleolithical Embellished Cave found in France (Ardeche)

    An exceptional archeological discovery has been made public on
    January 17, 1995, by the Minister of Culture and French-Speaking
    language <Francophonie>, Mr. Jacques TOUBON.

    Discovered during December 1994 at Vallon-Pont-d'Arc (Ardeche,
    France), the cave, composed of several spacious galleries and
    dens, is adorned with some 300 paleolithical paintings and
    engravings (dating 18,000 - 20,000 years before present time),
    which focus on a wide variety of animals including bears, owls,
    mammooths, rhinos and felines.

    The cave has also retained several vestiges of human activities:
    fireplaces <hearths>, entailed flints and other clues which denote an
    evolution in tools and habits. Totally left intact and untouched by any
    human intrusion throughout the ages, the cave represents and
    exceptional source of studies for archeologists.

    In the wake of the artistical and archeological interest spawned by
    this thrilling discovery of national and international importance, the
    Director of Cultural Heritage has signed on January 13th the
    proceedings to classify the site. <I don't know if the translation
    makes sense: a "classified site" is a site which, due to its cultural
    importance, becomes an official patrimony of the nation> This
    urgency measure, taking effect immediately, confers the cave for
    one year the same statute and privileges which the historical
    monuments benefit.

    In order to ensure the preservation and the security of the cave, the
    Prefect of Ardeche has also signed on January 13 a by-law
    prohibiting the access to the cavity.

    Paris, January the 18th, 1995

< Top of Document < Contents < Document: Cavep.eng

## Project Gutenberg Document: Cavep.fr

    This is the original message we received in French.
    This file should be named cavep.fr
    The English translation should be named cavep.eng

    Decouverte d'une grotte
    ornee paleolithique a Vallon-Pont-d'Arc
    (Ardeche)

    Cliches : Ministere de la culture et de la francophonie - Direction du
    Patrimoine
    Jean Clottes. Tous droits reserves.

    Une decouverte archeologique d'une importance exceptionnelle vient
    d'intervenir dans les gorges de l'Ardeche, en limite du site naturel
    classe, en l'espece d'un vaste reseau souterrain orne d'un tres grand
    nombre de peintures et de gravures d'epoque paleolithique (vers
    18000-20000 ans avant le present).

    La decouverte est intervenue sur le territoire de la commune de
    Vallon-Pont-d'Arc, le 25 decembre dernier, dans le cadre d'une
    prospection archeologique autorisee au titre des dispositions de la loi
    validee du 27 septembre 1941 portant reglementation de la recherche
    archeologique de France. Elle est le fait de M. Jean-Marie Chauvet,
    agent de surveillance titulaire au sein du Service regional de
    l'archeologie (D.R.A.C Rhône-Alpes) assiste de deux benevoles Mme
    Eliette Brunel-Deschamps et M. Christian Hillaire.

    Au terme d'une desobstruction manuelle conduite dans un boyau tres
    etroit marquant le fond d'une cavite mineure s'ouvrant dans les
    falaises du Cirque d'Estre, les inventeurs ont debouche par une
    cheminee dans un tres vaste reseau totalement vierge, richement
    concretionne et recelant de nombreux restes paleontologiques en place
    (os d'ours de cavernes- Ursus spelaeus- dans leur bauge d'hibernation).
    Les galeries, fortement dimensionnees (section de 5 x 4 metres en
    moyenne), joignent plusieurs vastes salles (jusqu'a 70 x 40 metres) et
    sont, de place en place, decorees de peintures et de gravures de
    figurations animalieres isolees ou organisees en panneaux comprenant
    plus de cinquante unites dont les dimensions varient de 0,50 m a 4
    metres de long. Au total, environ 300 peintures a l'ocre rouge ou au
    noir ont ete actuellement observees et au moins autant de gravures. On
    remarque plusieurs cas de superposition, et, localement, des voiles
    concretionnes ou des griffades d'ours, l'ensemble de ces faits
    authentifiant (s'il en etait besoin) l'anciennete de ces decors.

    a chaque extremite du reseau visite on peut constater la presence
    d'acces anciens actuellement colmates par des eboulis et des depots
    argileux.

    L'ensemble des galeries parcourues cumule un lineaire de plusieurs
    centaines de metres au long duquel se developpe un bestiaire tres
    original et particulierement varie (chevaux, rhinoceros, lions, bisons,
    aurochs, ours, pantheres, mammouths, bouquetins, hiboux, etc...)
    accompagne de signes symboliques, de panneaux ponctues et de mains
    positives ou negatives.

    Au plan artistique, il se degage un ensemble absolument unique dans le
    Sud de la France, que son importance et son originalite placent au meme
    rang que l'ensemble figure de Lascaux meme s'il n'offre pas de
    veritable polychromie ni le meme dimensionnement des representations.

    Partout, les traits peints ou graves sont plus ou moins concretionnes.
    Les traits peints, vus dans leurs details, presentent l'aspect erode
    caracteristique des peintures anciennes, meme celles apparemment les
    mieux conservees. En outre, la grotte est vierge, avec des sols intacts
    et d'innombrables vestiges non touches. Dans une salle, un ensemble de
    gravures (cheval, mammouth, hibou) se trouve sur une retombee de voute
    a 5 ou 6 m du sol ; au-dessous, un vaste effondrement ancien explique
    ce qui s'est passe : une aspiration a provoque la formation de cet
    entonnoir et le sol sur lequel se trouvait l'artiste a alors disparu,
    de sorte que les gravures sont maintenant inaccessibles. Donc,
    l'authenticite est evidente.

    La zone a peintures rouges comprend plusieurs panneaux de points,
    auxquels s'ajoutent parfois des signes, y compris des signes complexes
    originaux. Les panneaux avec des animaux rouges sont divers : dans une
    petite galerie, un cerf, est suivi tout au fond, de trois ours des
    cavernes et d'un cheval. Ailleurs, un grand panneau comprend plusieurs
    ours, dont un a l'avant-train tachete, un felin lui aussi tachete sur
    le haut du corps, un bouquetin et deux mammouths. Sur une paroi se
    voient un enorme rhinoceros a la corne disproportionnee, trois autres
    rhinoceros, un mammouth, deux felins, quatre mains positives et deux ou
    trois negatives, un demi-cercles de points rouges, un grand bovine,
    un signe fait de deux demi-cercles accoles. En tout, outre les points
    et les signes, plusieurs mains negatives completes et les mains
    positives, une trentaine de representations animales rouges et deux
    petites tetes de chevaux jaunes ont deja ete denombres. L'ours domine
    suivi du mammouth, du cheval, du rhinoceros, du felin ; le cerf, le
    bouquetin, l'aurochs, les indetermines, n'etant representes qu'a un
    seul exemplaire chacun.

    Une centaine de figures noires a ete denombree : les rhinoceros
    dominent largement, suivis des felins puis des chevaux, les ours, des
    rennes, des bisons, des aurochs. On note la presence de mammouths, de
    cerfs megaceros, d'un bouquetin, de deux indetermines. Parmi les
    gravures, a noter 5 mammouths, 3 bouquetins, 2 rhinoceros, 2 chevaux, 1
    aurochs, 1 hibou.

    La facture de ces representations est excellente. Les proportions des
    corps sont naturalistes. Il s'agit surtout de dessins au trait, encore
    que certains presentent des a-plats de peinture a l'interieur des tetes
    ou des corps et un rendu savant du modele. De nombreux details
    anatomiques sont precises, de sorte que les animaux sont le plus
    souvent determinables sans ambiguite quant a l'espece et meme quant au
    sexe (femelles bisons, par exemple). Les dessins noirs ont "un air de
    famille" : la composition des panneaux, la facture des animaux, la
    technique employee partout avec une egale maitrise feraient penser a
    une meme "main". On peut legitimement se demander s'il ne s'agirait
    pas, en tres grande partie, de l'oeuvre d'une seule personne, un
    grand maitre du trait. Les recherches futures le preciseront.

    Par le nombre et la diversite des oeuvres, par leur qualite esthetique
    et leur conservation, par leur originalite aussi (dominance d'especes
    rares ailleurs), par la preservation du contexte, cette grotte est
    unique et d'une importance mondiale. C'est l'un des plus grand chefs
    d'oeuvres de l'art prehistorique.

    Au plan paleontologique, la cavite recele egalement les restes d'une
    centaine d'ursides, soit en place dans leur loge d'hibernation, soit en
    position secondaire, que les os aient ete deplaces par le passage de
    l'Homme, ou que certains cranes aient ete redisposes par lui en des
    emplacements privilegies de la grotte (par exemple au centre d'une
    salle en rotonde, sur un bloc rocheux).

    Cette abondance de restes dans un milieu preserve de toute perturbation
    moderne confere un second caractere d'importance a la decouverte.

    Au plan archeologique, il convient de souligner le caractere unique
    d'un milieu clos exempt de toute intrusion et de tout remaniement.
    Outre les figurations, l'Homme a laisse dans la cavite de nombreux
    temoins de ses activites : foyers, silex tailles, traces de torches
    d'eclairage, amenagements de blocs rocheux, agencement de restes
    faunistiques et, surtout, de tres nombreuses empreintes de cheminement
    melees a celles des ours qui ont ete leurs contemporains dans les
    galeries. On remarque egalement des points d'extraction du sediment :
    confection de boulettes d'argile, recherche d'oxydes de fer et de
    manganese pour la confection des peintures.

    a ce jour, il parait que la grotte est le seul reseau orne totalement
    intact qui nous soit parvenu depuis le Paleolithique.

    Au plan de l'etude du milieu, la tres recente ouverture de la cavite
    permettra d'en etudier la climatologie interne. Il convient aussi de
    souligner la puissance des depots sedimentaires que la reprise
    d'erosion posterieure a l'occupation humaine a permis de mettre
    ponctuellement en evidence dans des puits de dissolution diriges vers
    le reseau perenne toujours actif a ce jour. La carbonatation des
    galeries est egalement intervenue apres le passage de l'Homme, scellant
    en de nombreux points des artefacts dans la calcite.

    Il existe la une occasion unique d'etude naturaliste visant a retracer
    l'evolution des milieux naturels durant le dernier glaciaire et
    l'Holocene.

    C'est la convergence de l'ensemble de ces caracteres, deja
    exceptionnels pour chacun d'entre eux, qui confere une importance
    absolue au reseau nouvellement decouvert.

< Top of Document < Contents < Document: Cavep.fr

## List of Pictures (JPEG)

### Cave Painting featuring several animals including equines and bovines. IMAGE > #### Picture Information File name: CHEVO11.JPG Width:9.50000 inches (684 pixels) Height: 6.38889 inches (460 pixels) X dpi: 72 Y dpi: 72 Size on media support (bytes): 63,429 Format:JPEG Bitmaps (JPG) Subformat: JPEG Compression Type:24 Bit RGB Color
### Cave Painting featuring a Mammoth and other animals IMAGE > #### Picture Information File name: MAMOT11.JPG Width: 9.40278 inches (677 pixels) Height:6.47222 inches (466 pixels) X dpi:72 Y dpi: 72 Size on media support (bytes): 70,961 Format:JPEG Bitmaps (JPG) Subformat:JPEG Compression Type: 24 Bit RGB Color
### Cave Painting featuring several animals including rhinoceros. IMAGE > #### Picture Information File name:GVPDA11.JPG Width:9.44444 inches (680 pixels) Height:6.45833 inches (465 pixels) X dpi:72 Y dpi: 72 Size on media support (bytes): 86,155 Format:JPEG Bitmaps (JPG) Subformat: JPEG Compression Type: 24 Bit RGB Color
### Cave Painting featuring a hy(a)ena and another unidentified maculated animal. IMAGE > #### Picture Information File name: HYENE11.JPG Width:9.43055 inches (679 pixels) Height: 6.47222 inches (466 pixels) X dpi: 72 Y dpi: 72 Size on media support (bytes): 72,802 Format:JPEG Bitmaps (JPG) Subformat:JPEG Compression Type:24 Bit RGB Color

< Top of Document < Contents < List of Pictures (JPEG)

## Pictures (JPEG)

Cave Painting featuring several animals including equines and bovines. (JPEG)
< Top of Document < Contents < List of Pictures (JPEG)
Cave Painting featuring a Mammoth and other animals. (JPEG)
< Top of Document < Contents < List of Pictures (JPEG)
Cave Painting featuring several animals including rhinoceros. (JPEG)
< Top of Document < Contents < List of Pictures (JPEG)
Cave Painting featuring a hy(a)ena and another unidentified maculated animal. (JPEG)
< Top of Document < Contents < List of Pictures JPEG)

## List of Pictures (GIF)

### Cave Painting featuring several animals including equines and bovines. IMAGE > #### Picture Information File name: CHEVO11.GIF Width:9.50000 inches (684 pixels) Height: 6.38889 inches (460 pixels) X dpi: 72 Y dpi: 72 Size on media support (bytes): 263,751 Format:CompuServe Bitmap (GIF) Subformat: ZW Compression Type:8 Bit paletted
### Cave Painting featuring a Mammoth and other animals IMAGE > #### Picture Information File name: MAMOT11.GIF Width: 9.40278 inches (677 pixels) Height:6.47222 inches (466 pixels) X dpi:72 Y dpi: 72 Size on media support (bytes): 268,285 Format:CompuServe Bitmap (GIF) Subformat:ZW Compression Type: 8 Bit paletted
### Cave Painting featuring several animals including rhinoceros. IMAGE > #### Picture Information File name:GVPDA11.GIF Width:9.44444 inches (680 pixels) Height:6.45833 inches (465 pixels) X dpi:72 Y dpi: 72 Size on media support (bytes): 312,161 Format:CompuServe Bitmap (GIF) Subformat: ZW Compression Type: 8 Bit paletted
### Cave Painting featuring a hy(a)ena and another unidentified maculated animal. IMAGE > #### Picture Information File name: HYENE11.GIF Width:9.43055 inches (679 pixels) Height: 6.47222 inches (466 pixels) X dpi: 72 Y dpi: 72 Size on media support (bytes): 285,906 Format:CompuServe Bitmap (GIF) Subformat:ZW Compression Type:8 Bit paletted

< Top of Document <Contents <List of Pictures (GIF)

## Pictures (GIF)

Cave Painting featuring several animals including equines and bovines. (GIF)
< Top of Document < Contents < List of Pictures (GIF)
Cave Painting featuring a Mammoth and other animals. (GIF)
< Top of Document < Contents < List of Pictures (GIF)
Cave Painting featuring several animals including rhinoceros. (GIF)
< Top of Document < Contents < List of Pictures (GIF)
Cave Painting featuring a hy(a)ena and another unidentified maculated animal. (GIF)
< Top of Document < Contents < List of Pictures (GIF)

< Top of Document

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