


ZIP(1L)               FreeDOS Alpha 5                          ZIP(1L)


NAME
       zip,  zipcloak,  zipnote,  zipsplit - package and compress
       (archive) files

SYNOPSIS
       zip  [-AcdDeEfFghjklLmoqrSTuvVwXyz@$]  [-b path]  [-n suf-
       fixes]   [-t mmddyy]   [   zipfile  [  file1  file2  ...]]
       [-xi list]

       zipcloak [-dhL] [-b path] zipfile

       zipnote [-hwL] [-b path] zipfile

       zipsplit [-hiLpst] [-n size] [-b path] zipfile

DESCRIPTION
       zip is a compression and file packaging utility for  Unix,
       VMS,  MSDOS, OS/2, Windows NT, Minix, Atari and Macintosh.
       It is analogous to a  combination  of  the  UNIX  commands
       tar(1)  and compress(1) and is compatible with PKZIP (Phil
       Katz's ZIP for MSDOS systems).

       A companion program  (unzip(1L)),  unpacks  zip  archives.
       The zip and unzip(1L) programs can work with archives pro-
       duced by PKZIP,  and  PKZIP  and  PKUNZIP  can  work  with
       archives  produced  by zip.  zip version 2.1 is compatible
       with PKZIP 2.04.  Note that PKUNZIP  1.10  cannot  extract
       files  produced  by  PKZIP  2.04  or zip 2.1. You must use
       PKUNZIP 2.04g  or  unzip  5.0p1  (or  later  versions)  to
       extract them.

       For a brief help on zip and unzip, run each without speci-
       fying any parameters on the command line.

       The program is useful for packaging a  set  of  files  for
       distribution;  for  archiving  files;  and for saving disk
       space by temporarily compressing unused files or  directo-
       ries.

       The  zip  program puts one or more compressed files into a
       single zip archive, along with information about the files
       (name,  path, date, time of last modification, protection,
       and check  information  to  verify  file  integrity).   An
       entire  directory  structure  can  be  packed  into  a zip
       archive with a single command.  Compression ratios of  2:1
       to 3:1 are common for text files.  zip has one compression
       method (deflation) and can also store files  without  com-
       pression.  zip automatically chooses the better of the two
       for each file to be compressed.

       When given the name of an existing zip archive,  zip  will
       replace  identically  named  entries in the zip archive or
       add entries for new names.  For example, if foo.zip exists
       and  contains  foo/file1  and foo/file2, and the directory



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ZIP(1L)                                                   ZIP(1L)


       foo contains the files foo/file1 and foo/file3, then:

              zip -r foo foo

       will replace foo/file1 in foo.zip  and  add  foo/file3  to
       foo.zip.    After   this,   foo.zip   contains  foo/file1,
       foo/file2, and foo/file3, with  foo/file2  unchanged  from
       before.

       If the file list is specified as -@, zip takes the list of
       input files from standard input.  Under UNIX, this  option
       can  be  used  to  powerful effect in conjunction with the
       find(1) command.  For example, to archive all the C source
       files in the current directory and its subdirectories:

              find . -name "*.[ch]" -print | zip source -@

       (note  that  the  pattern must be quoted to keep the shell
       from expanding it).  zip will also accept  a  single  dash
       ("-")  as  the  zip file name, in which case it will write
       the zip file to standard output, allowing the output to be
       piped to another program. For example:

              zip -r - . | dd of=/dev/nrst0 obs=16k

       would  write  the  zip  output directly to a tape with the
       specified block size for the purpose  of  backing  up  the
       current directory.

       zip also accepts a single dash ("-") as the name of a file
       to be compressed, in which case it will read the file from
       standard  input,  allowing  zip to take input from another
       program. For example:

              tar cf - . | zip backup -

       would compress the output of the tar command for the  pur-
       pose  of  backing up the current directory. This generally
       produces better  compression  than  the  previous  example
       using  the  -r  option,  because zip can take advantage of
       redundancy between files. The backup can be restored using
       the command

              unzip -p backup | tar xf -

       When  no zip file name is given and stdout is not a termi-
       nal, zip acts as a filter, compressing standard  input  to
       standard output.  For example,

              tar cf - . | zip | dd of=/dev/nrst0 obs=16k

       is equivalent to

              tar cf - . | zip - - | dd of=/dev/nrst0 obs=16k



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ZIP(1L)                                                   ZIP(1L)


       zip  archives created in this manner can be extracted with
       the program funzip which is provided in the unzip package,
       or  by  gunzip  which is provided in the gzip package. For
       example:

       dd if=/dev/nrst0  ibs=16k | funzip | tar xvf -

       When changing an existing zip archive, zip  will  write  a
       temporary file with the new contents, and only replace the
       old one when the process of creating the new  version  has
       been completed without error.

       If  the name of the zip archive does not contain an exten-
       sion, the extension .zip is added.  If  the  name  already
       contains  an extension other than .zip the existing exten-
       sion is kept unchanged.

OPTIONS
       -A     Adjust self-extracting executable archive.  A self-
              extracting   executable   archive   is  created  by
              prepending the SFX stub to an existing archive. The
              -A  option  tells  zip  to adjust the entry offsets
              stored in the archive to  take  into  account  this
              "preamble" data.

       -b path
              Use  the  specified  path  for  the  temporary  zip
              archive. For example:

                     zip -b /tmp stuff *

              will put the temporary zip archive in the directory
              /tmp,  copying over stuff.zip to the current direc-
              tory when done. This option  is  only  useful  when
              updating  an  existing archive, and the file system
              containing this old archive does  not  have  enough
              space  to hold both old and new archive at the same
              time.

       -c     Add one-line comments for each file.   File  opera-
              tions  (adding,  updating)  are done first, and the
              user is then prompted for a  one-line  comment  for
              each  file.   Enter the comment followed by return,
              or just return for no comment.

       -d     Remove (delete) entries from a  zip  archive.   For
              example:

                     zip -d foo foo/tom/junk foo/harry/\* \*.o

              will  remove  the  entry  foo/tom/junk,  all of the
              files that start with foo/harry/, and  all  of  the
              files  that  end  with .o (in any path).  Note that
              shell pathname expansion has  been  inhibited  with



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ZIP(1L)                                                   ZIP(1L)


              backslashes,  so  that  zip  can see the asterisks,
              enabling zip to match on the contents  of  the  zip
              archive  instead  of  the  contents  of the current
              directory.

              Under MSDOS, -d is case sensitive when  it  matches
              names  in the zip archive.  This requires that file
              names be entered in upper case if they were  zipped
              by PKZIP on an MSDOS system.

       -D     Do not create entries in the zip archive for direc-
              tories.  Directory entries are created  by  default
              so  that  their  attributes can be saved in the zip
              archive.  The environment variable  ZIPOPT  can  be
              used  to  change  the  default options. For example
              under Unix with sh:

                     ZIPOPT="-D"; export ZIPOPT

              (The variable ZIPOPT can be  used  for  any  option
              except  -i and -x and can include several options.)
              The option -D is a shorthand for -x  "*/"  but  the
              latter cannot be set as default in the ZIPOPT envi-
              ronment variable.

       -e     Encrypt the contents of the  zip  archive  using  a
              password  which  is  entered  on  the  terminal  in
              response to a prompt (this will not be  echoed;  if
              standard  error is not a tty, zip will exit with an
              error).  The password prompt is  repeated  to  save
              the user from typing errors.

       -f     Replace  (freshen)  an  existing  entry  in the zip
              archive only if it has been modified more  recently
              than the version already in the zip archive; unlike
              the update option (-u) this will not add files that
              are not already in the zip archive.  For example:

                     zip -f foo

              This  command should be run from the same directory
              from which the original zip command was run,  since
              paths stored in zip archives are always relative.

              Note  that  the  timezone  environment  variable TZ
              should be set according to the  local  timezone  in
              order  for  the -f , -u and -o options to work cor-
              rectly.

              The reasons behind this  are  somewhat  subtle  but
              have  to  do with the differences between the Unix-
              format file times (always in GMT) and most  of  the
              other operating systems (always local time) and the
              necessity to compare the two.  A typical  TZ  value



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ZIP(1L)                                                   ZIP(1L)


              is ``MET-1METDST'' (Middle European time with auto-
              matic adjustment  for  ``summertime''  or  Daylight
              Savings Time).

       -F     Fix  the  zip  archive.  This option can be used if
              some portions of the archive are missing. It is not
              guaranteed  to  work,  so you MUST make a backup of
              the original archive first.

              When doubled as in -FF the compressed  sizes  given
              inside  the damaged archive are not trusted and zip
              scans for special signatures to identify the limits
              between  the archive members. The single -F is more
              reliable if the archive is not  too  much  damaged,
              for  example  if it has only been truncated, so try
              this option first.

              Neither option will recover archives that have been
              incorrectly  transferred  in  ascii mode instead of
              binary. After the repair, the -t  option  of  unzip
              may show that some files have a bad CRC. Such files
              cannot be recovered; you can remove them  from  the
              archive using the -d option of zip.

       -g     Grow (append to) the specified zip archive, instead
              of creating a new one. If this operation fails, zip
              attempts  to  restore  the  archive to its original
              state. If the restoration fails, the archive  might
              become corrupted.

       -h     Display the zip help information (this also appears
              if zip is run with no arguments).

       -i files
              Include only the specified files, as in:

                     zip -r foo . -i \*.c

              which will include only the files that end in .c in
              the current directory and its subdirectories. (Note
              for PKZIP users: the equivalent command is

                     pkzip -rP foo *.c

              PKZIP does not allow recursion in directories other
              than  the  current  one.)  The backslash avoids the
              shell  filename  substitution,  so  that  the  name
              matching  is performed by zip at all directory lev-
              els.

       -j     Store just the name  of  a  saved  file  (junk  the
              path),   and  do  not  store  directory  names.  By
              default, zip will store the full path (relative  to
              the current path).



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ZIP(1L)                                                   ZIP(1L)


       -J     Strip any prepended data (e.g. a SFX stub) from the
              archive.

       -k     Attempt to convert the names and paths  to  conform
              to  MSDOS, store only the MSDOS attribute (just the
              user write attribute from UNIX), and mark the entry
              as  made  under MSDOS (even though it was not); for
              compatibility with PKUNZIP under MSDOS which cannot
              handle certain names such as those with two dots.

       -l     Translate  the  Unix  end-of-line character LF into
              the MSDOS convention CR LF. This option should  not
              be  used  on binary files.  This option can be used
              on Unix if the zip file  is  intended  for  PKUNZIP
              under  MSDOS. If the input files already contain CR
              LF, this option adds an extra CR. This ensure  that
              unzip -a on Unix will get back an exact copy of the
              original file, to undo the effect of zip -l.

       -ll    Translate the MSDOS end-of-line CR LF into Unix LF.
              This  option  should  not  be used on binary files.
              This option can be used on MSDOS if the zip file is
              intended for unzip under Unix.

       -L     Display the zip license.

       -m     Move  the  specified  files  into  the zip archive;
              actually, this deletes the target directories/files
              after making the specified zip archive. If a direc-
              tory becomes empty after removal of the files,  the
              directory  is  also  removed. No deletions are done
              until zip has created the  archive  without  error.
              This  is  useful  for conserving disk space, but is
              potentially dangerous so it is recommended  to  use
              it  in  combination  with  -T  to  test the archive
              before removing all input files.

       -n suffixes
              Do not attempt to compress  files  named  with  the
              given  suffixes.   Such files are simply stored (0%
              compression) in the output zip file,  so  that  zip
              doesn't  waste  its  time  trying to compress them.
              The suffixes are  separated  by  either  colons  or
              semicolons.  For example:

                     zip -rn .Z:.zip:.tiff:.gif:.snd  foo foo

              will  copy  everything  from  foo into foo.zip, but
              will store any files that end in .Z,  .zip,  .tiff,
              .gif,  or  .snd  without  trying  to  compress them
              (image and sound files often have  their  own  spe-
              cialized  compression  methods).   By  default, zip
              does not compress files with extensions in the list
              .Z:.zip:.zoo:.arc:.lzh:.arj.  Such files are stored



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ZIP(1L)                                                   ZIP(1L)


              directly in the output  archive.   The  environment
              variable  ZIPOPT  can be used to change the default
              options. For example under Unix with csh:

                     setenv ZIPOPT "-n .gif:.zip"

              To attempt compression on all files, use:

                     zip -n : foo

              The maximum compression  option  -9  also  attempts
              compression on all files regardless of extension.

       -o     Set  the "last modified" time of the zip archive to
              the latest  (oldest)  "last  modified"  time  found
              among  the entries in the zip archive.  This can be
              used without any other operations, if desired.  For
              example:

              zip -o foo

              will  change  the  last modified time of foo.zip to
              the latest time of the entries in foo.zip.

       -q     Quiet mode; eliminate  informational  messages  and
              comment  prompts.   (Useful,  for example, in shell
              scripts and background tasks).

       -r     Travel the  directory  structure  recursively;  for
              example:

                     zip -r foo foo

              In  this case, all the files and directories in foo
              are saved in a zip archive named foo.zip, including
              files  with  names  starting  with  ".",  since the
              recursion does not use the shell's  file-name  sub-
              stitution mechanism.  If you wish to include only a
              specific subset of the files in directory  foo  and
              its  subdirectories,  use  the -i option to specify
              the pattern of files to be  included.   You  should
              not  use  -r with the name ".*", since that matches
              ".."  which will  attempt  to  zip  up  the  parent
              directory (probably not what was intended).

       -S     Include  system  and  hidden  files. This option is
              effective on some systems only; it  is  ignored  on
              Unix.

       -t mmddyy
              Do not operate on files modified prior to the spec-
              ified date, where mm is the month (0-12), dd is the
              day  of  the  month (1-31), and yy are the last two
              digits of the year.  For example:



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ZIP(1L)                                                   ZIP(1L)


                     zip -rt 120791 infamy foo

              will add all the files in foo and  its  subdirecto-
              ries that were last modified on or after 7 December
              1991, to the zip archive infamy.zip.

       -T     Test the integrity of the  new  zip  file.  If  the
              check  fails,  the  old  zip  file is unchanged and
              (with the -m option) not input files are removed.

       -u     Replace (update)  an  existing  entry  in  the  zip
              archive  only if it has been modified more recently
              than the version already in the zip  archive.   For
              example:

                     zip -u stuff *

              will  add  any  new files in the current directory,
              and update any files which have been modified since
              the zip archive stuff.zip was last created/modified
              (note that zip will not try to pack stuff.zip  into
              itself when you do this).

              Note that the -u option with no arguments acts like
              the -f (freshen) option.

       -v     Verbose mode or print diagnostic version info.

              Normally, when applied  to  real  operations,  this
              option  enables the display of a progress indicator
              during compression and requests verbose  diagnostic
              info about zipfile structure oddities.

              When -v is the only command line argument, and std-
              out is not  redirected  to  a  file,  a  diagnostic
              screen  is  printed. In addition to the help screen
              header with  program  name,  version,  and  release
              date,  some  pointers to the Info-ZIP home and dis-
              tribution sites are given. Then, it shows  informa-
              tion  about  the  target environment (compiler type
              and version, OS version, compilation date  and  the
              enabled  optional  features  used to create the zip
              executable.

       -V     Save VMS file attributes. This option is  available
              on  VMS only; zip archives created with this option
              will generally not be usable on other systems.

       -w     Append the version number of the files to the name,
              including  multiple  versions of files.  (VMS only;
              default: use only the  most  recent  version  of  a
              specified file).





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ZIP(1L)                                                   ZIP(1L)


       -x files
              Explicitly exclude the specified files, as in:

                     zip -r foo foo -x \*.o

              which  will  include the contents of foo in foo.zip
              while excluding all the files that end in .o.   The
              backslash  avoids  the shell filename substitution,
              so that the name matching is performed  by  zip  at
              all directory levels.

       -X     Do   not   save  extra  file  attributes  (Extended
              Attributes on  OS/2,  uid/gid  and  file  times  on
              Unix).

       -y     Store  symbolic  links  as such in the zip archive,
              instead  of  compressing  and  storing   the   file
              referred to by the link (UNIX only).

       -z     Prompt  for a multi-line comment for the entire zip
              archive.  The comment is ended by a line containing
              just  a  period, or an end of file condition (^D on
              UNIX, ^Z on MSDOS, OS/2, and VAX/VMS).  The comment
              can be taken from a file:

                     zip -z foo < foowhat

       -#     Regulate  the speed of compression using the speci-
              fied digit #, where  -0  indicates  no  compression
              (store  all  files),  -1 indicates the fastest com-
              pression method (less compression) and -9 indicates
              the  slowest  compression  method (optimal compres-
              sion, ignores the suffix list).  The  default  com-
              pression level is -6.

       -@     Take  the  list of input files from standard input.
              File names containing spaces must be  quoted  using
              single quotes, as in 'file name'.

       -$     Include  the volume label for the the drive holding
              the first file to be compressed.  If  you  want  to
              include  only  the  volume label or to force a spe-
              cific drive, use the drive name as first file name,
              as in:

                     zip -$ foo a: c:bar

              This  option  is  effective  on  some  systems only
              (MSDOS and OS/2); it is ignored on Unix.

EXAMPLES
       The simplest example:

              zip stuff *



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ZIP(1L)                                                   ZIP(1L)


       creates the archive stuff.zip (assuming it does not exist)
       and  puts all the files in the current directory in it, in
       compressed form (the .zip suffix is  added  automatically,
       unless  that  archive  name  given contains a dot already;
       this allows the explicit specification of other suffixes).

       Because  of  the way the shell does filename substitution,
       files starting with "." are not included; to include these
       as well:

              zip stuff .* *

       Even  this  will  not  include any subdirectories from the
       current directory.

       To zip up an entire directory, the command:

              zip -r foo foo

       creates the archive foo.zip, containing all the files  and
       directories  in the directory foo that is contained within
       the current directory.

       You may want to make a zip archive that contains the files
       in  foo,  without  recording the directory name, foo.  You
       can use the -j option to leave off the paths, as in:

              zip -j foo foo/*

       If you are short on disk space, you might not have  enough
       room  to  hold  both the original directory and the corre-
       sponding compressed zip archive.  In this  case,  you  can
       create  the  archive in steps using the -m option.  If foo
       contains the subdirectories tom, dick, and harry, you can:

              zip -rm foo foo/tom
              zip -rm foo foo/dick
              zip -rm foo foo/harry

       where  the first command creates foo.zip, and the next two
       add to it.  At the completion of  each  zip  command,  the
       last  created archive is deleted, making room for the next
       zip command to function.

PATTERN MATCHING
       This section applies only to UNIX.  Watch this  space  for
       details on MSDOS and VMS operation.

       The  UNIX  shells (sh(1) and csh(1)) do filename substitu-
       tion on command arguments.  The special characters are:

       ?      match any single character

       *      match any number of characters (including none)



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ZIP(1L)                                                   ZIP(1L)


       []     match any character in the range  indicated  within
              the brackets (example: [a-f], [0-9]).

       When  these  characters  are  encountered  (without  being
       escaped with a backslash or quotes), the shell  will  look
       for files relative to the current path that match the pat-
       tern, and replace the argument with a list  of  the  names
       that matched.

       The zip program can do the same matching on names that are
       in the zip archive being modified or, in the case  of  the
       -x (exclude) or -i (include) options, on the list of files
       to be operated on, by using backslashes or quotes to  tell
       the  shell not to do the name expansion.  In general, when
       zip encounters a name in the list of files to do, it first
       looks for the name in the file system.  If it finds it, it
       then adds it to the list of files to do.  If it  does  not
       find  it,  it  looks for the name in the zip archive being
       modified (if it exists), using the pattern matching  char-
       acters  described  above,  if present.  For each match, it
       will add that name to the list of files to  be  processed,
       unless  this name matches one given with the -x option, or
       does not match any name given with the -i option.

       The pattern matching includes the path,  and  so  patterns
       like \*.o match names that end in ".o", no matter what the
       path prefix is.  Note  that  the  backslash  must  precede
       every  special  character (i.e. ?*[]), or the entire argu-
       ment must be enclosed in double quotes ("").

       In general, use backslash  to  make  zip  do  the  pattern
       matching  with  the  -f (freshen) and -d (delete) options,
       and sometimes after the -x (exclude) option when used with
       an appropriate operation (add, -u, -f, or -d).

SEE ALSO
       compress(1), shar(1L), tar(1), unzip(1L), gzip(1L)

BUGS
       zip  2.1  is not compatible with PKUNZIP 1.10. Use zip 1.1
       to produce zip files which can  be  extracted  by  PKUNZIP
       1.10.

       zip  files  produced by zip 2.1 must not be updated by zip
       1.1 or PKZIP 1.10, if they contain encrypted members or if
       they  have  been  produced  in a pipe or on a non-seekable
       device. The old versions of zip or PKZIP would  create  an
       archive  with  an  incorrect format.  The old versions can
       list the contents of the zip file but  cannot  extract  it
       anyway (because of the new compression algorithm).  If you
       do not use encryption and use regular disk files,  you  do
       not have to care about this problem.

       Under  VMS,  not  all  of the odd file formats are treated



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ZIP(1L)                                                   ZIP(1L)


       properly.  Only stream-LF format zip files are expected to
       work  with  zip.   Others  can  be  converted  using Rahul
       Dhesi's BILF program.  This version of zip handles some of
       the  conversion internally.  When using Kermit to transfer
       zip files from Vax to MSDOS, type "set file type block" on
       the  Vax.   When  transfering from MSDOS to Vax, type "set
       file type fixed" on the Vax.  In  both  cases,  type  "set
       file type binary" on MSDOS.

       Under VMS, zip hangs for file specification that uses DEC-
       net syntax foo::*.*.

       On OS/2, zip  cannot  match  some  names,  such  as  those
       including  an  exclamation mark or a hash sign.  This is a
       bug in OS/2 itself:  the  32-bit  DosFindFirst/Next  don't
       find  such names.  Other programs such as GNU tar are also
       affected by this bug.

       Under OS/2, the amount of Extended Attributes displayed by
       DIR  is  (for  compatibility)  the  amount returned by the
       16-bit version of DosQueryPathInfo(). Otherwise  OS/2  1.3
       and  2.0  would  report  different  EA sizes when DIRing a
       file.  However,  the  structure  layout  returned  by  the
       32-bit  DosQueryPathInfo()  is  a  bit  different, it uses
       extra padding bytes and link pointers (it's a linked list)
       to have all fields on 4-byte boundaries for portability to
       future RISC OS/2 versions. Therefore the value reported by
       zip  (which  uses this 32-bit-mode size) differs from that
       reported by DIR.  zip stores the 32-bit format for  porta-
       bility,  even  the 16-bit MS-C-compiled version running on
       OS/2 1.3, so even this one shows the 32-bit-mode size.

       On the Amiga, the -A option currently does not work.

AUTHORS
       Copyright (C) 1990-1996  Mark  Adler,  Richard  B.  Wales,
       Jean-loup  Gailly,  Onno  van  der Linden, Kai Uwe Rommel,
       Igor Mandrichenko, John Bush and Paul Kienitz.  Permission
       is  granted to any individual or institution to use, copy,
       or redistribute this software so long as all of the origi-
       nal  files  are  included, that it is not sold for profit,
       and that this copyright notice is retained.

       LIKE ANYTHING ELSE THAT'S FREE,  ZIP  AND  ITS  ASSOCIATED
       UTILITIES  ARE PROVIDED AS IS AND COME WITH NO WARRANTY OF
       ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. IN  NO  EVENT  WILL
       THE  COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES RESULTING
       FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

       Please  send  bug  reports  and  comments  by  email   to:
       zip-bugs@wkuvx1.wku.edu.   For bug reports, please include
       the version of zip (see zip-h ), the make options used  to
       compile  it  see zip-v ), the machine and operating system
       in use, and as much additional information as possible.



                           13 Apr 1996                         12





ZIP(1L)                                                   ZIP(1L)


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
       Thanks to R. P. Byrne for his  Shrink.Pas  program,  which
       inspired this project, and from which the shrink algorithm
       was stolen; to Phil Katz for placing in the public  domain
       the zip file format, compression format, and .ZIP filename
       extension, and for accepting minor  changes  to  the  file
       format;  to  Steve  Burg for clarifications on the deflate
       format; to Haruhiko Okumura and Leonid Broukhis  for  pro-
       viding some useful ideas for the compression algorithm; to
       Keith Petersen, Rich Wales, Hunter Goatley and Mark  Adler
       for providing a mailing list and ftp site for the INFO-ZIP
       group to use; and most importantly, to the INFO-ZIP  group
       itself  (listed  in  the  file  infozip.who) without whose
       tireless testing and bug-fixing  efforts  a  portable  zip
       would  not  have  been  possible.  Finally we should thank
       (blame) the first INFO-ZIP  moderator,  David  Kirschbaum,
       for  getting  us  into  this mess in the first place.  The
       manual page was rewritten for UNIX by R. P. C. Rodgers.







































                           13 Apr 1996                         13


