S    a:ut_title.comS     O  ͻ  J 	DISK 3  O   ͼ   O       #	Understanding Telecommunications* Which lesson would you like to work on?  A 'Lesson 5: Business Telephone Systems	   B (Lesson 6: The Private Branch Exchange   C A different lesson G D@ Select A-C S          O  ͻ  J 	DISK 3  O   ͼ   O       #	Understanding Telecommunications= This course has 7 lessons, which are divided into 4 disks./ Please type the number of the disk you want:	 	 1 "	Disk 1 - Lesson 1: Introduction
 0
Lesson 2: Evolution of the Telephone Industry  2 )Disk 2 - Lesson 3: How Telephones Work
  
Lesson 4: Making a Connection  3 0Disk 3 - Lesson 5: Business Telephone Systems (Lesson 6: The Private Branch Exchange  4 /Disk 4 - Lesson 7: Telecommunications Trends  9@ Select 1-4 S              H 	DISK 3   #	Understanding TelecommunicationsD If you want to work on a lesson on another disk you will need to: (Press the space bar to exit this disk
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  	   6 Please choose the topic you would like to see next.  A Introduction&' D 	-Unit 3	 	&	-Hybrid Key Systems  B 	Unit 1&' E 	-Unit 4 Business Telephone Systems&-Putting It All Together  C 	Unit 2&' F -Exit this Lesson Key Systems&S        H    c           This lesson will introduce: ,Major types of business telephone systemsS  	    This lesson will introduce:0    Major types of business telephone systems'
    Features of key system equipmentS 
  This lesson will introduce:0    Major types of business telephone systems
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8H H $____________oo______________8H H'(H5&R Please open your workbook to Lesson 5, Unit 1.  After you have finished reading2 this material, press the space bar to continue.S '  '   	    Would you like to:  A %Review key concepts from this Unit	   B #Answer questions about this Unit   C Go on to another Unit S (  (    /  /        HIn order to avoid losing business, business telephone systems must beEcapable of handling the number of outside calls a company expects.
 B
Business telephone systems must also be able to handle internalcommunications efficiently. IAn efficient system for handling communications can lead to tremendousEsavings not only in telephone costs, but also in employee time andproductivity.' Do you want to review more material?S )   '  '   R There are three major kinds of business telephone systems for handling multiple	 calls:
 
The key telephone system The hybrid key system $The Private Branch Exchange (PBX)K The distinctions between these categories can sometimes get rather hazy.' Do you want to review more material?S *   '  '    In a
	key system>, a group of telephone lines run from the central office tothe business.
 I
Each station-set in the business has direct access to several of theseEoutside lines through the use of lighted push buttons called keys. MKey systems rely on electromechanical equipment, since they were developedCbefore computer chips and electronic circuitry were widely used.' Do you want to review more material?S +   '  '       Hybrid phone systems6are key telephones with computer chips built into a6central control unit or into the phones themselves.
 G
The chips provide the basis for many new features such as conferenceAcalling, automatic and speed dialing, distinctive ringing, and'sophisticated intercom capabilities. JThese features are designed to increase productivity and make the phonesystem easier to use.' Do you want to review more material?S ,   '  '    KThe largest and most sophisticated business telephone system is called aPrivate Branch Exchange, or PBX#.
 C
In a PBX, incoming calls are routed from the central office to aGcomputer which functions as a "mini-central office" on the premises. LMost of the features available in hybrid phones are also available in PBXAsystems, but more features reside in the PBX central computer.' Do you want to review more material?S -   '  '    JA large hybrid system might serve 150 or 200 stations, while very smallNPBXs start with as few as 40 stations.  However, the precise dividing point8is constantly changing as a result of new technology.	 3	Large PBXs can serve tens of thousands of users. GThe older key equipment is most likely to be found in companies thatJpurchased their systems years ago and have a relatively small number of	
lines.' Do you want to review more material?S .  '  '    
CentrexEis a service you lease from the local phone company that makes useMof their equipment to provide you with the "intelligence" of a PBX without9	the need to have the equipment at your company's site. HInstead of buying or leasing a computer to route calls efficiently, aNbusiness could achieve similar results by paying the local phone company to1reprogram its equipment at the central office.# This ends the review for Unit 1.S '  '   	   S Incoming calls are routed from the central office to a computer functioning as a "mini-central office" in a:	 	 A 
	PBX system
   B 
Key system
   C Hybrid system S 0  0  1  1  2  2  That's right.  A
PBX system.contains a switching mechanism located in a7 computer which functions as a "mini-central office."  Do you want another question?S 3  3  '  '  No.KWith a key system, the lines run from the central office to the business and each)	phone has access to each outside line.1A
3PBX system>containsA switching mechanisms and functions as a "mini-central office."  Do you want another question?S 3  3  '  ' S Not quite.  The hybrid system is not as sophisticated as a PBX and does not takeE over the functions of the central office.  The correct answer is aCPBX system.  Do you want another question?S 3  3  '  '  True or False?H A hybrid system combines the key system with the latest microcomputer
 technology.S 4  4  5  5 ! That's right, the statement istrue.-&Hybrid systems are basically key telephone' systems that contain computer chips.  Do you want another question?S 6  6  '  '  No, the statement istrue.-Hybrid systems are basically key telephoneN systems that contain computer chips, so they do combine the key system with microprocessor technology.  Do you want another question?S 6  6  '  ' Q Which telephone system offers the greatest flexibility for adding new features8 with new hardware, new software, or by reprogramming?	 	 A 	Key
   B 	Hybrid
   C PBX S 7  7  8  8  9  9 K No, that's not it.  Key systems were developed before computer chips and7 electronic circuitry were widely used in telephones.6PBX:systems offer theM greatest flexibility since new features can be added in a variety of ways.  Do you want another question?S :  :  '  ' N That's incorrect.  While hybrid features may be built into the main control. processor and/or the individual phones, the,PBX!0features reside in the centralS computer.  This computer provides the capability for additional features not yet possible with hybrids.  Do you want another question?S :  :  '  '  Correct.
PBXDsystems offer the greatest flexibility since any new features canM be added with new hardware and/or software.  Existing features can also be5 easily modified by reprogramming the PBX computer.  Do you want another question?S :  :  '  ' R A small business purchased their telephone equipment in the early 1970s. It hasP 4 incoming lines and few features.  Which system are they likely to be using?	 	 A 	Key
   B 	Hybrid
   C PBX S ;  ;  <  <  =  = L That's correct.  The age of the equipment, the relatively small number ofC incoming lines, and the lack of features all point to it being aAkey system.  Do you want another question?S >  >  '  ' M No, that's not it.  Although the number of lines is appropriate for hybridN equipment, the age of the system and the lack of features point to it being akey system.  Do you want another question?S >  >  '  ' O No, that's incorrect.  The age of the equipment, the size of the system, and6 the lack of features all point to it being an older4key system.  Do you want another question?S >  >  '  '  True or False?Q While the PBX features are generally built into each individual telephone, theC
 hybrid features are more likely to reside in a central computer.S ?  ?  @  @  No, the statement is	false.6The main idea here is reversed: hybrid features areM more likely to be built into each individual telephone, while PBX features5 are more likely to reside in the central computer.  Do you want another question?S A  A  '  '  Yes, this statement is	false.1The key idea here is reversed: hybrid featuresQ are more likely to be built into each individual telephone, while PBX features5 are more likely to reside in the central computer.  Do you want another question?S A  A  '  ' N Many businesses buy hardware that provides sophisticated telecommunicationsS features.  Others contract with local phone companies to lease a service called:	 	 A 	Multiplex
   B 
Centrex
   C PBX S B  B  C  C  D  D J Sorry.  Multiplexing involves sending several messages through a single5 transmission medium.  The leased service is called3Centrex.  Do you want another question?S E  E  '  ' K Right.  Instead of buying or leasing its own PBX computer to route calls efficiently, a business with
Centrex+%service could achieve similar results byS paying the local phone company to reprogram its equipment at the central office.  Do you want another question?S E  E  '  ' M Sorry.  A PBX system is based on hardware which a business buys or leases.
 CentrexDis a service provided by local phone companies to produce similar results.  Do you want another question?S E  E  '  '  True or False?M If a small business wants to buy new telephone equipment which offers many4
 features, it will probably purchase a key system.S F  G  No, the correct answer is	false.1"Most small businesses purchasing new equipmentQ will probably turn to the new generation of hybrid systems, especially if theyN are interested in new features such as conference calling or speed dialing.& This ends the questions for Unit 1.S '  ' 	    That's right, it is	false.6Small businesses interested in new features such asI conference calling or automatic dialing would probably turn to the new: generation of hybrid systems, rather than a key system.& This ends the questions for Unit 1.S '  ' 	   #ܱ,.
%&')*Ŀ.߱0,-.0	Ȼ	!    	,	-
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. .L This Unit describes the major features and uses of key telephone systems.S I  	   '(H $ooͿ8H H &oo78H H &oo	,LESSON4578H 		H 		&oo	7	8H 
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8H H $____________oo______________8H H'(H5&R Please open your workbook to Lesson 5, Unit 2.  After you have finished reading2 this material, press the space bar to continue.S J  J   	   Would you like to:  A %Review key concepts from this Unit	   B #Answer questions about this Unit   C Go on to another Unit S K  K    P  P        The
key system:was the first business telephone system to be developedfor very small businesses.
 
In a
	key system,9
several lines from the central office are connected toDtelephone sets which each have direct access to all of the lines.' Do you want to review more material?S L   J  J    1Each station set in a key system usually has a3hold button.AThe hold buttonMallows the user to talk to a caller on another line and then return to the	line that was "put on hold."
 1
A key system station set also typically has an
3intercom button.
ETheFintercom allows communication between phone sets in the key system.' Do you want to review more material?S M   J  J    GLines coming into a key system from the central office are generally.numbered sequentially and are arranged in a0hunt group.
 &
When an incoming call on one of the
(hunt lines
3gets a busy signal, theMcentral office automatically goes to the next number in the group until it4finds an idle line on which to complete the call.' Do you want to review more material?S N   J  J    -Every business that has a key system has a/terminal block,?a large metal boxCwhich is the connecting point for incoming central office lines.
 O
The terminal block is a panel with clips and relays which connects the lines(to individual station sets and to the*key service unit (KSU). TheKSUFhouses the equipment that controls the hold, intercom, ringing, and)other features included in the system.' Do you want to review more material?S O  J  J    %Most components of key systems are'electromechanical;:they are driven byMelectrical current and consist of mechanical switches and relays with many	moving parts. /The components of hybrid and PBX systems are1electronic;=they operate with,computer chips and have few moving parts.# This ends the review for Unit 2.S J  J   	   3 In a key telephone system, each station set has:  A 4Direct access to each of the central office lines	   B An intercom button and line   C 5Five buttons on the bottom line of the station set S Q  Q  R  R  S  S ? That's right.  The key telephone station set allows the user=direct access to all outside lines.9Each of the keys, when pressed, connects the user to a different telephone line.  Do you want another question?S T  T  J  J S That's not it.  Some key equipment includes a separate intercom button and line,R but this is not necessarily a feature of each station set.  However, a user can$ directly access all outside lines"from each station set.  Do you want another question?S T  T  J  J O Sorry.  The number of buttons on the station set can vary, although a common> version called 1A Key has 6 buttons.  However, the user can<directly access all outside lines+from each station set of any key system.  Do you want another question?S T  T  J  J  True or False?S On a key system telephone, the intercom button allows the user to suspend speechP
 with one person, speak to someone on another outside line, and then return to  the person on the first line.S U  U  V  V  No, the correct answer is	false.)"The intercom button allows the user toR communicate between telephone sets.  The hold button allows the user to put oneQ line on hold while doing something else such as speaking to someone on another outside line.  Do you want another question?S W  W  J  J  That's right, it is	false.5The hold button is the one that allows the user toR put one line on hold, speak to someone on another outside line, and then returnQ to the original call.  The intercom button allows users to communicate between telephone sets.  Do you want another question?S W  W  J  J M In a key system, the panel which connects incoming central office lines to9 individual phone sets and the key service unit is the:	 	 A 	Station set
   B 
Hunt group
   C Terminal block S X  X  Y  Y  Z  Z 5 No.  The station set is the telephone itself.  The3terminal block
Bis a panelR with clips and relays which connects the lines to individual telephones and the key service unit.  Do you want another question?S [  [  J  J P That's not it.  A hunt group is the name for a group of sequentially numbered0 lines coming in from the central office.  The.terminal block=is the panel withQ clips and relays which connects the lines to individual telephones and the key service unit.  Do you want another question?S [  [  J  J  That's correct.  Theterminal block+$is the panel with clips and relays whichL connects the lines to individual telephone sets and the key service unit.  Do you want another question?S [  [  J  J Q The equipment controlling the hold button, intercom button, and other features0 of the key telephone system is housed by the:	 	 A 	Key service unit
   B Terminal block
   C 
Hunt group S \  \  ]  ]  ^  ^  That is correct.  Thekey service unit*'houses the equipment which controls theP hold button, intercom button, and other features of the key telephone system.  Do you want another question?S _  _  J  J N Not quite.  The terminal block is the connecting point for incoming central office lines.  Thekey service unit/$houses the equipment which controls the holdK button, intercom button, and other features of the key telephone system.  Do you want another question?S _  _  J  J P That's not it.  A hunt group refers to a block of sequentially numbered lines* coming in from the central office.  The(key service unit9houses the equipmentQ which controls the hold button, intercom button, and other features of the key telephone system.  Do you want another question?S _  _  J  J + The components of key telephone systems:  A Operate with computer chips	   B Are electromechanical   C Have few moving parts S `  a  b 0 That is incorrect.  Key telephone systems are.electromechanical.BHybrid and PBX: systems are electronic and operate with computer chips.& This ends the questions for Unit 2.S J  J 	   ! That's right.  Key systems areelectromechanical;!2they rely on switches, relays,) and motors driven by electric current.& This ends the questions for Unit 2.S J  J 	    No.  Key systems areelectromechanical;((they are driven by electrical currentH and consist of mechanical switches and relays with many moving parts.& This ends the questions for Unit 2.S J  J 	   
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8H H $____________oo______________8H H'(H5&R Please open your workbook to Lesson 5, Unit 3.  After you have finished reading2 this material, press the space bar to continue.S j  j   	    Would you like to:  A %Review key concepts from this Unit	   B #Answer questions about this Unit   C Go on to another Unit S k  k    o  o        Ahybrid telephone system3is a key telephone system with a number of extra,features made possible by computer chips.
 L
Hybrid telephone systems were designed to make some features of a privateNbranch exchange (PBX) available and cost-effective for the smaller company. IGenerally, a small hybrid system may serve about 2 outside lines and 6Gtelephones; a large hybrid system may handle 200 telephones or more.' Do you want to review more material?S l   j  j    JHybrid systems are "more intelligent" than traditional key systems, but "less intelligent" than PBXs.
 L
Intelligence refers to capabilities such as remembering the last number aAuser dialed, or restricting the use of a phone to local calls. MA PBX computer's features may be reprogrammed easily, while a hybrid phoneJsystem's features are "built-in" and often are more difficult to alter.' Do you want to review more material?S m   j  j    LWhile the precise workings of a hybrid phone vary from one product to the9next, virtually all share a number of common features.
    Intercom features:
make it easier to reach someone at another extension in=the same company, usually by dialing a 2- to 4-digit code. Call transferring:allows a call to be sent from one extension to another.    Conference calling<allows several people who are on different phone lines at,different places to communicate together.' Do you want to review more material?S n  j  j       Automatic dialing:features save time by quickly dialing a number when the8user presses a button or enters a 2- or 3-digit code.
    Automatic call routing2
(ACR) selects the least expensive routing for along-distance call.'    Station message detail reporting.%(SMDR) provides detailed information on the2number and rate of incoming and outgoing calls.# This ends the review for Unit 3.S j  j   	   O What allows hybrid telephone systems to combine PBX and key system features?  A A PBX processor	   B Built-in computer chips   C Lighted keys S p  p  q  q  r  r N That's incorrect.  Hybrid systems do not utilize a PBX processor.  Built-in computer chipsCprovide PBX-like features and control over a phone system, whileC buttons provide direct access to phone lines as in a key system.  Do you want another question?S s   j  j  That's correct.Built-incomputer chips()provide PBX-like features and controlQ over a phone system while buttons provide direct access to phone lines as in a key system.  Do you want another question?S s   j  j 
 Not quite.EWhile lighted "keys" do provide direct access to phone lines as in# a key system, it is the built-in!computer chips!0that provide PBX-like features# and control over a phone system.  Do you want another question?S s   j  j R Is it easier to alter the features of a hybrid phone system than those on a PBX
 system?S t  u J Sorry, that's not correct.  The features of a hybrid system are usuallyK programmed into the hardware itself, and are not as easily altered.  TheS features of a PBX system generally reside in software for the PBX processor, and/ may be altered more easily by reprogramming.  Do you want another question?S v  v  j  j Q That's correct.  The features of a PBX system generally reside in software forM the PBX processor, and may be easily altered, but the features of a hybridL system are built into the hardware itself, and are not as easily altered.  Do you want another question?S v  v  j  j N Restriction features allow companies to control their phone systems and cut2 costs by limiting, for each telephone set, the:	 	 A 	Duration of calls
   B Number of calls
   C Types of calls S w  w  x  x  y  y N Sorry, that's not right.  Restriction features cannot limit the duration ofF phone calls, but they can be used to restrict extensions to certainDtypesJof	 calls.  Do you want another question?S z  z  j  j  That's not correct.8Restriction features cannot limit the number of callsKthatJ can be made at a particular extension, but they can be used to restrict extensions to certaintypesof calls.  Do you want another question?S z  z  j  j  That's correct.=Restriction features can be used to restrict extensions to
 certaintypesof calls.  Do you want another question?S z  z  j  j 3 What is the advantage of automatic call routing?  A @It selects the least expensive route for a long-distance call	   B @It automatically forwards a user's calls to another extension   C AIt prevents outgoing calls from being "blocked" by other calls S {  {  |  |  }  } : That's right.  Automatic call routing (ACR) selects the8least expensiveQ alternative for long-distance calls.  For example, if a company's WATS line is4 in use, ACR will choose the next cheapest option.  Do you want another question?S ~  ~  j  j B That's not correct.  ACR does not forward calls, it selects the@least expensiveQ alternative for long-distance calls.  For example, if a company's WATS line is4 in use, ACR will choose the next cheapest option.  Do you want another question?S ~  ~  j  j J Sorry, that's not right.  ACR does not prevent blocking, it selects theHleast expensiveI
alternative for long-distance calls.  For example, if a company's WATS< line is in use, ACR will choose the next cheapest option.  Do you want another question?S ~  ~  j  j  True or False?R Station message detail reporting can help a manager to allocate telephone costs
 to various departments.S          That's correct, the answer istrue.,%SMDR provides detailed information on theO frequency of incoming and outgoing calls, which can be useful information in+ allocating costs to various departments.  Do you want another question?S     j  j  Sorry, the correct answer istrue.,$SMDR provides detailed information on theO frequency of incoming and outgoing calls, which can be useful information in+ allocating costs to various departments.  Do you want another question?S     j  j M Which feature of hybrid phones allows several people on different lines at4 different places to communicate at the same time?	 	 A 	Call transferring
   B Conference calling
   C Intercom features S            O No, that's not it.  Call transferring involves changing the destination of a call.Conference calling/allows several people on different phones to communicate simultaneously.  Do you want another question?S     j  j  That's right.Conference calling,"is a feature of hybrid phones that allows( several people on different phones to&communicate simultaneously.  Do you want another question?S     j  j R That's incorrect.  Intercom features allow two people within an organization to* communicate easily with each other. But(conference calling;allows several people5 on different phones to communicate simultaneously.  Do you want another question?S     j  j  True or False?J It is possible to choose a new phone system for a company by looking at
 its features.S         Sorry, the correct answer is	false.-%In addition to the features of a system, aR company must look at the purchase price, the costs of training employees to useP a new phone system and the cost of installation.  A company must also predictQ its growth and whether a phone system will be able to expand with the company.  Do you want another question?S     j  j  Yes, the correct answer is	false.-#In addition to the features of a system, aR company must look at the purchase price, the costs of training employees to useP a new phone system and the cost of installation.  A company must also predictQ its growth and whether a phone system will be able to expand with the company.  Do you want another question?S     j  j O Which of the features below are found on some hybrid systems, but not on key telephone systems?	 	 A 	Multiple lines
   B Hold capacity
   C Automatic line selection S      N Sorry, that's not right.  Both hybrid and key systems offer multiple lines. But only hybrid systems haveautomatic line selection,7which frees a user fromN having to look at indicator lights to determine which outside line is free.& This ends the questions for Unit 3.S j  j 	   S That's not it. Both hybrid and key systems allow a user to put a caller on hold. But only hybrid systems haveautomatic line selection,7which frees a user fromN having to look at indicator lights to determine which outside line is free.& This ends the questions for Unit 3.S j  j 	    That's right.Only hybrid systems have(automatic line selection,Bwhich freesNaR user from having to look at indicator lights to determine which outside line is free.& This ends the questions for Unit 3.S j  j 	   
@          "GICE CREAM
+@           @ 3@ @ 3@ 	@ 		pM	 	3@ 
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,G           G           !p TRY SOME! ,G           G           !t,G           $G                                 P Now you can try applying the material in Lesson 5.  Here you will be asked toS deal with the telecommunications problems an ice cream company faces as it grows? from a roadside stand to a corporation employing 60 workers.S      	   O To complete this exercise successfully you will need to be familiar with the( basic concepts explained in Lesson 5. Would you like to:  A Go on to the exercise   B "Review the material in Lesson 5 S             t                     @/\$p   't___*p   %-t                                   t                    @/ L Merle's Barn#@ \	%t /___\+p %,t                                  Np  t                   
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AG          Kt  Np  t                @ | |  @ |  |   )p   ,t                     BpTRY SOME!Kt    t                	pt  +p  -t                    AGLt   O The year is 1980.  Merle is a dairy farmer who sells homemade ice cream at aM roadside stand.  Customers love his ice cream, but Merle doesn't make much	 money.S   	   O Erica is a junior advertising executive who owns a summer cottage in Merle'sN town, Brattleboro, VT.  She loves Merle's cherry vanilla and is certain sheO	 could help them both make millions with it.  She would also love to get away/ from the rat race and settle in Brattleboro.N She suggests a partnership to Merle.  Their strategy would be to triple theK price, and sell the product to a supermarket chain in New York under the# name Emilio's Gourmet Ice Cream.S   	  R Merle doesn't like the new name, the idea of tripling the price, or Erica.  ButP he needs money to feed his cows, would love to turn over all of the paperworkN	 that keeps him up every night, and likes the idea of getting his product to  millions of ice cream lovers.0 He decides to let Erica market his ice cream.S  	  O Their first disagreement is over the name of the ice cream.  You must decideM whether to call the product Emilio's, Merle's or something else.  Erica isQ	 convinced that someday they will have a spinoff T-shirt business, and that theL T-shirts will look odd if the ice cream name is more than 8 letters long.F Please type in any name for the ice cream that is 8 letters or less and press return :S   9@                                                      @ 
@A@ @ 
L   L  !A@ @ L    L     #+Won't1you try someA@ 	@ 		L      		L    	"	+delicious, homemade	A@ 
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p~~~~~~~~~~A@ @ p~~~~~~~~+Next exit, turn right.A@ 9@                                                      ' Merle and Erica are now in business.S   	   
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3G:p  P Erica builds an office in the corner of Merle's barn.  To save money on their0 telephones, she buys a key system secondhand.S      	   O Merle doesn't know anything about this equipment, and asks Erica, "What if IB want to make a call while you're on the phone?"  Erica replies,	 	 A 1	"You'll have to wait until I'm off the phone."
   B +"You can depress the key for your line."
   C ("I'll have to put my caller on hold." S      N That's incorrect.  Merle won't have to wait until Erica is off the phone to0 make his call with the key system.  Merle can	.simply5depress the keyEof a lineN that is free and make his call.  Erica can remain on the other line without being interrupted.S    	   P That's correct.  A key system provides access to each line at each phone withO the buttons known as "keys."  If Erica is on the phone when a call for Merle. comes in, he can simply go to his phone and,depress the key<of a line that isM free and make his call.  Erica can remain on the other line uninterrupted.S    	   M That's an incorrect choice.  Erica doesn't have to put her caller on hold.' Merle can simply go to his phone and%depress the key5of a line that is free andP make his call.  Erica can remain on the other line without being interrupted.S    	   / Merle asks Erica, "What do the lights mean?"% Erica replies, "A key lights up...
 
 A /
to show the status of the line it controls."   B  only when a call is on hold."
   C #only when the intercom is used." S      P That is correct.  A key is illuminated steadily or blinks at varying rates to7 show that a line is busy, idle, ringing, or on hold.S    	   P Partly correct.  A key may light up when its line is on hold, but this is notR the best answer.  The illumination of the keys can also indicate that the linesG are being used in other ways.  A key may be illuminated or may blinkH distinctively to show that a line is busy, idle, ringing, or on hold.S    	   O That's not correct.  The key lights are not illuminated to indicate that theN intercom is in use.  A key may be illuminated or may blink distinctively to7 show that a line is busy, idle, ringing, or on hold.S    	   @4@5G( 7@%G /       /         //            <@'	G    /   //       //      /          	=@ 	>Go'
G/      /    /   //          _       
<@G/ G   /            //   /      \6@	@MOOoooG/G     ____________________   
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2G   GG  G  "@$@.G   2G   G  G  .G   2G   t  t  /t  3t  Q Merle is afraid that this new phone system will require a lot of new equipment6 which will clutter up his barn and bother his cows.S      	   R Erica says, "There will be a metal box in a corner of my office.  It's called a `terminal block' and it...	 	 A D	houses the circuit boards that control the keys and the buttons."
   B @is a panel that connects the lines to the individual phones."
   C +routes calls to the appropriate phones." S      J That's not right.  The unit housing the circuit boards that control theQ lighted keys and the hold button is called the key service unit.  The terminalL block is a panel with metal clips and mechanical relays that connects the2 groups of phone lines to each individual phone.S    	   O That's right.  The terminal block is a panel with metal clips and mechanicalO relays that connects the groups of phone lines to each individual phone set.S    	   L That's not right.  The terminal block does not route calls to the phones.O Routing calls is carried out at the central office.  The terminal block is aQ panel with metal clips and mechanical relays that connects the groups of phone" lines to each individual phone.S    	   S Merle asks Erica, "What if someone calls and that line is in use?  Do they get a= busy signal?"  Erica answers, "No, because a hunt group...	 	 A 	interrupts busy lines."
   B /searches groups of lines until one is free."
   C 1switches to a nonkey line if others are busy." S       No.MA hunt group does not interrupt busy lines.  Merle and Erica's three linesP are arranged in a hunt group.  This means that when a call is placed to their6 business, switching circuitry at the central office4searches the three linesMfor= one that is not busy, and completes the call on that line.S    	    That's correct.=Merle and Erica's three lines are arranged in a hunt groupK at the central office.  This means that when one line is busy, switching circuitry/
searches until it finds a line that is free.8The call is then completed on this line.S    	   P That's incorrect.  All of the lines that go into Merle and Erica's businessesR are controlled by the key system.  The three lines are arranged in a hunt groupP at the central office.  This means that if a call is placed to a line that is busy, switching circuitrysearches the three lines3for one that is free,Iand# completes the call on that line.S    	   
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*G"1p                               N We rejoin Merle and Erica two years later.  The ice cream business is doingS well, but the key system which seemed ideal in 1980 no longer meets their needs.S    	   O You recently met Erica through a business contact and mentioned that you hadQ taken a computer-based training course in basic telecommunications.  Erica wasS	 very impressed and offered to pay you $1500 for a one-day consultation regarding  their telephone system needs. Naturally, you accepted.S    	    p               
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*G"1p                               S The company now has 60 employees.  About half work for Merle in the dairy plant,R and the remainder work for Erica in marketing and administration.  They have 25 telephones, and 5 lines.S      	   O Erica has read an article about PBX telephone equipment, and thinks that PBX- equipment is definitely their best choice.
 Do you agree?S    Q Sorry.  It may be good politics for a consultant to agree with the client, butJ with only 25 telephones they should seriously consider a hybrid system.S    	   Q That's right.  With only 25 telephones they should seriously consider a hybrid
 system.S    	   Q Erica says that over the last two years they have spent a surprising amount ofR money having fat cables of "25-pair" wires installed for their key system.  She>	 asks, "Does the hybrid system use the same kind of wiring?" Do you answer yes or no?S    P That's not quite right.  While it is possible to reuse some of the wire pairsI for the hybrid system, it ordinarily uses standard 2-pair phone wires.S    	   P That's correct.  While it is possible to reuse some of the wire pairs for theA hybrid system, it ordinarily uses standard 2-pair phone wires.S    	   P "We invested a lot of money in that wiring," Erica says.  "What if we decidedO against a hybrid.  Would a PBX ordinarily use the kind of "25-pair" wires we	 have installed?"S    P That's not quite right.  Like a hybrid system, a PBX ordinarily uses standardO 2-pair phone wires.  Again, it may be possible to use some of the wire pairsP from the old wiring, but this might be more time-consuming and expensive than installing new wire.S    	   O That's correct.  Like a hybrid system, a PBX ordinarily uses standard 2-pairQ phone wires.  Again, it may be possible to use some of the wire pairs from theR old wiring, but this might be more time-consuming and expensive than installing new wire.S    	   M Merle says "I wish we knew about that before you went out and bought thoseQ phones.  This time let's be sure we get a phone system that will last for more	 than two years."S   	   M You suggest buying a hybrid system for now, while being sure that they getQ wiring and telephone sets which could be adapted to a PBX later on.  You go onO	 to justify this recommendation by asking Merle and Erica about their currentN phone system, and by pointing out ways that hybrid features could save them
 time and money.S    	   t         	@/\p   t___p   !t           ',p                                     t        @/ Merle's barn  \	t /___\p  t            ,p   #/t                                Op 
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!t       (p                    <GKp     H You ask Merle whether he has any customers or suppliers whom he callsQ regularly.  "Sure," he replies, "I need to call Jed at the feed store at least twice a day."S      	   R You say, "Hybrid phones have a feature which can save you time when you need to talk to Jed.  It's called:	 	 A 	Automatic call routing"
   B Automatic dialing"
   C SMDR" S      Q That's not correct.  Automatic call routing is a feature that helps a business! keep long-distance costs down. Automatic dialing2will allow Merle to dialI numbers with the touch of a button, saving him time and the trouble of memorizing numbers.S    	    That's correct.Automatic call dialing((will allow Merle to dial numbers withP the touch of a button, saving him time and the trouble of memorizing numbers.S    	   S That's incorrect.  SMDR helps a business cut costs by generating a detailed list of telephone usage.  Butautomatic dialing(+will allow Merle to dial numbers withP the touch of a button, saving him time and the trouble of memorizing numbers.S    	   @               :t ;p                   @  To: Merle    &@                      <G =p To: Merle       @  From: Jed    &@ To: Erica            <G =p From: McFadden  @              p                  &@ From: Heller         <G =p     Products    	@ Re:  sale on 	p To: Erica        	&@     Surveys          	<G 	=p                 	
 p      
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p From: Wrightstone
&@ Re: market research  
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=p Re: sugar order 	 prica  @              p     Advertising  &@ on a breakfast ice   <G =p for next month  	 pBursik@  Please callp                  &@ cream                <G =p                 	
 pShop C
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p Re: need your OK 
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=p  Please call    	 p      @              p on new ads       &@   Please call        <G =p Will call back  pNeed more    p                  &@  Will call back     <G =p pe cream!     p  Please call    &t(<@O Merle says: "That sounds great.  What else could a hybrid system do for us?"C You say: "Do you have any trouble with people getting messages?"N Erica replies: "We certainly do.  Our operator Molly is supposed to deliverM message slips, but when she gets busy they can sit on her desk for hours."S      	   P You say, "There are several hybrid features which could help.  Calls would be9 more likely to reach you in the first place thanks to:	 	 A 	Speaker telephones
   B Distinctive ringing
   C Call forwarding S      R That's incorrect.  Speaker telephones help users talk to a caller without using
 a handset.Call forwarding.will permit Merle's and Erica's calls to beM forwarded to the extension they are currently near in the ice cream plant.S    	   J Sorry.  Distinctive ringing could signal whether a call was internal orJ external, but it wouldn't help calls to reach Merle or Erica.  However,Hcall
 forwarding@will permit Merle and Erica to get their calls at a different extension than usual.S    	    That's correct.Call forwarding.!will permit Merle's and Erica's calls to beM forwarded to the extension they are currently near in the ice cream plant.S    	   Q "And if you happened to be away from the phone your calls were forwarded to asQ well," you say, "you would know instantly if a message was waiting because of:	 	 A 	On-line directories"
   B Indicator lights"
   C Distinctive ringing" S      R That's incorrect.  On-line directories are a feature generally possible only on PBX systems.Indicator lights4, often available on a hybrid phone system, would9 serve to let them know if a message had been received.S    	    That's right.Indicator lights., often available on a hybrid phone system,? would serve to let them know if a message had been received.S    	   J Sorry.  Distinctive ringing could signal whether calls were internal orP external, but it probably would not let them know when a message was waiting. Indicator lights, often available/"on a hybrid system phone set, would serve to9 let Erica know if a message had been received for her.S    	   S Merle is beginning to understand your reasoning.  "Now that would be worth a few dollars," he says.Q Erica then jumps in: "Our phone bills always seem to be higher than we expect.Q	 Merle and I have a running battle over who is actually spending all the money:R
 production workers in the plant, or marketing and administration people.  CouldG this new system help us figure out who's actually making the calls?"S    L That's correct.  Hybrid phone systems have a feature which gives detailedO records of the origin of all company phone calls.  This would help determineJ which department at the ice cream company was making which phone calls.S    	   O That's incorrect.  "Yes" is the correct answer, because hybrid phone systemsQ have a feature which gives detailed records of the origin of all company phoneR calls.  This would help determine which department at the ice cream company was making which calls.S    	    What is this feature called?  A #Station message detail reporting	   B Automatic call routing   C Automatic line selection S       That's correct.SMDR:, or station message detail reporting, records detailedS information about the origin and frequency of incoming and outgoing calls on the company phone system.S    	   M That's incorrect.  Automatic call routing chooses the best route for long- distance phone calls.  It isSMDR,,#or station message detail reporting, thatN records detailed information about the origin and frequency of incoming and. outgoing calls on the company phone system.S    	   S That's incorrect.  Automatic line selection keeps a user from having to choose a' free line for an outgoing call.  But%SMDR)), or station message detail reporting,N records detailed information about the origin and frequency of incoming and. outgoing calls on the company phone system.S    	   N Merle says, "I'll tell you what really bugs me.  Every month we have half aN dozen calls to San Francisco on the bill that we know are not for business.L	 And I think I know who's doing it, too.  Billy Simpson is always sneakingN around the employee lounge where we have an outgoing phone for employees to
 make personal
local:
calls.  Could this SMDR thing prove that it was Billy?"S    O That's incorrect, but this was a difficult question.  SMDR gives a breakdownN by phone, not by employee.  Thus, it could verify whether the San FranciscoK calls are coming from a particular phone, but not a particular employee.S    	   Q That's right.  If more than one employee has access to a phone, SMDR could notO distinguish between different people who used the phone.  But it could prove* which phone the calls were coming from.S    	   & Is there any way to stop the calls?S    O That's correct.  Many hybrid phone systems have a feature which would enableQ Merle and Erica to prevent employees from making personal long-distance calls,
 or evenanyoutgoing calls.S    	   S That's incorrect.  Many hybrid phone systems do have a feature which would allowP Merle and Erica to prevent employees from making personal long-distance phone calls, or evenanyoutgoing calls.S    	    What's this feature called?  A Automatic call distribution	   B Automatic line selection   C Call restriction S      N That's incorrect.  Automatic call distribution routes incoming calls to theC person in the department who has been off the phone the longest.BCall restrictionBenables a company to restrict certain extensions to local calls( only, or to no outgoing calls at all.S    	   M That's incorrect.  Automatic line distribution frees a user from having to. choose an outside line for an ougoing call.-Call restriction>enables a companyN to restrict certain extensions to local calls only, or to no outgoing calls whatsoever.S    	    That's correct.Call restriction("enables a company to restrict certainB extensions to local calls only, or to no outgoing calls at all.S    	   S Erica says, "Another thing we've been doing to cut the phone bill is subscribingO to special long-distance services.  We now have two kinds of WATS lines, andS	 several other long-distance carriers.  But people are having a hard time keeping7 track of which rates are cheapest for a given call."S      	   R You tell Erica that you can help solve that problem, too.  What feature chooses9 the least expensive route for each long-distance call?	 	 A 	ACR
   B ACD
   C SMDR S       That's correct.ACR,4or automatic call routing, is a feature of hybridO telephone systems that selects the least expensive routing for long-distance	 calls.S    	   S That's incorrect.  ACD, or automatic call distribution, routes incoming calls to? members of the department who are free to talk on the phone.>ACR,Cor automaticP call routing, is a feature of hybrid telephone systems that selects the least- expensive routing for long-distance calls.S    	   E That's incorrect.  SMDR helps monitor telephone traffic, but it isCACR,HorG automatic call routing, that selects the least expensive routing for long-distance calls.S    	   O Erica says, "All these features sound great.  I just have one more question.L Sometimes I need to speak to our ad agency in New York and our West CoastS	 regional sales manager at the same time.  Right now, our ad agency has to set upR these conference calls.  Could we set up our own conference calls with a hybrid
 system?"S    R That's correct.  One of the features available with hybrid telephone systems isR conference calling.  In typical systems up to five parties may participate in a conference call.S    	   Q That's incorrect.  One of the features available with hybrid telephone systemsQ is conference calling.  In typical systems, up to five parties may participate in a conference call.S    	   S Erica says "Well, you've sold me on putting in a hybrid system.  What about you,# Merle?  Will you give it a try?"9
 "I suppose so," he says.  "We've got to do something."S    	    p               
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*G"1p                               < They install the hybrid system in the barn and the plant.S    	   S As you walk out, Erica says, "You've been a tremendous help.  If we keep growingP at this rate, maybe we'll need more advice soon on another new phone system."S      	     O  ͻ  J 	LESSON 5  O   ͼ   O       	Unit MenuS    J 	LESSON 5   2	Unit 1 - Overview of Business Telephone SystemsS    O  ͻ  J 	LESSON 5  O   ͼ   O       2	Unit 1 - Overview of Business Telephone SystemsS    @   @   @ I 	LESSON 5 @@2	Unit 1 - Overview of Business Telephone SystemsS    J 	LESSON 5   !	Unit 2 - Key Telephone SystemsS    O  ͻ  J 	LESSON 5  O   ͼ   O       !	Unit 2 - Key Telephone SystemsS    t @---- tJ 	LESSON 5  p tO @O tp  pt@Otp !	Unit 2 - Key Telephone SystemsS    J 	LESSON 5   	Unit 3 - Hybrid Key SystemsS    O  ͻ  J 	LESSON 5  O   ͼ   O       	Unit 3 - Hybrid Key SystemsS    O    @Ŀ  O J 	LESSON 5  O   @͵O  	 @O  	Unit 3 - Hybrid Key SystemsS    J 	LESSON 5   #	Unit 4 - Putting It All TogetherS    O  ͻ  J 	LESSON 5  O   ͼ   O       #	Unit 4 - Putting It All TogetherS    / @_  @_ \J 	LESSON 5 	@ |    @| @||#	Unit 4 - Putting It All TogetherS F @CG D@PressIG 	J@space S  D @AG 	B@SelectHG I@YJG K@orMG N@N S  D @AG 	B@SelectHG I@TJG K@orMG N@FOG S  S @ Select A-C S  D @AG 	B@SelectHG I@AJG K@orMG N@BOG S  G @DG 	E@SelectKG L@1-3 S  G @DG 	E@SelectKG L@1-4OG S  G @DG 	E@SelectKG L@1-5OG S  G @DG 	E@SelectKG L@1-6OG S  G @DG 	E@SelectKG L@1-7OG S  G @DG 	E@SelectKG L@1-8OG S  G @DG 	E@SelectKG L@1-9OG S  G @DG 	E@SelectKG L@A-GOG S  G @DG 	E@SelectKG L@A-DOG S  G @DG 	E@SelectKG L@A-EOG S  G @DG 	E@SelectKG L@A-F S  G @DG 	E@SelectKG L@A-HOG S  S  S  S  S  S S S S  @ @ @ @ 
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @  @ "@ $@ &@ *'O                                       @ @ @ @ 
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@ 	@ 	@ 	@ 	@ 	@ 	@ 	@ 	@ 	@ 	@ 	 @ 	"@ 	$@ 	&@ *	'O                                       
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 	  6 Please choose the topic you would like to see next.  A Introduction&' E 	-Unit 4	 	&	-The Centrex Alternative  B 	Unit 1&' F 	-Unit 5 PBX Architecture&-Putting It All Together  C 	Unit 2&' G -Exit this Lesson PBX and Voice Communications&  D 	Unit 3 PBX and Data CommunicationsS   A e     This lesson will introduce: 1The concept of a Private Branch Exchange (PBX)S 	   This lesson will introduce:5    The concept of a Private Branch Exchange (PBX)
 1
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 1
PBX features for voice and data communications +Centrex systems as an alternative to PBXS 
 This lesson will introduce: 1The concept of a Private Branch Exchange (PBX)
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/p       p    #x  %p     	*x      0p 1x  5p J More specifically, you will learn how Private Branch Exchange switchingD equipment lets a business function as a private central office...S  @      Business, Inc.      ppx  "x $p %x  (x    .x 0p  34x 5p p                       	p  	"	#p    	(x	)p    	.x	/p   	3	4p  
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0@                       p                  /0@   45@   9:@   >?@   CD@   p  Central Office  /0@                       	p M You will also learn about Centrex service, which provides many of the sameN services as a PBX, through telephone company equipment which remains at the local central office.S  -AG	C/	p p /0@ 1G    5LU. University  D@   |                  /0@ 1G 2H 45G   9:H   >?G   CD@   	|                  	/	0@ 	1H  	3G    	7H     
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8H H $____________oo______________8H H'(H5&R Please open your workbook to Lesson 6, Unit 1.  After you have finished reading2 this material, press the space bar to continue.S 	   Would you like to:  A %Review key concepts from this Unit	   B #Answer questions about this Unit   C Go on to another Unit S  $$  APrivate Branch Exchange5(PBX) is a telephone exchange that is installed ata place of business.
 9
As early as the 19th century, some large companies had
;Private Manual BranchExchange@
(PMBX) equipment, which used manual cordboards with operators%plugging wires between extensions. NThe manual systems have now been largely replaced by computerized switchingequipment, called%Private Automated Branch Exchanges9(PABX), or simply PBX.' Do you want to review more material?S   OA PBX is commonly installed for organizations ranging in size from 50 phones4or less to those with tens of thousands of users.
 L
Although originally designed strictly for telephone connections, PBXs areIincreasingly being used to connect computers and other data processing
equipment.' Do you want to review more material?S    LA PBX system functions much like a central office.  For example, the dial:tone on a PBX system originates from the system itself.
 6
The most important component of the hardware is the
8communicationsprocessorA
, which controls the PBX network by switching the incoming andoutgoing calls.' Do you want to review more material?S !  PBX systems use specialtrunk/"lines, which differ from the local loop usedNin residential or key telephone systems.  These run from the central office,to ports on the communications processor.	 L	The communications processor also has another set of ports for connectingO
telephone sets, speakerphones, attendant consoles, printers, data terminals,and other peripherals.
 L
Because PBX switching is more efficient, a PBX system can handle the same6number of calls with fewer lines than a key system.' Do you want to review more material?S "  CPBXs are designed with a philosophy that stresses reliability orOredundancy, to avoid the possibility of losing telephone service as a result#	of a blackout or a system crash. JPBX features and functions are flexible, since they are controlled by aJ"stored program."  Many modifications which would require rewiring on aLhybrid system can be accomplished more easily on a PBX by typing in a few"commands to alter the software.' Do you want to review more material?S #  NPBX hardware may also include adjunct processors to control other functionsIranging from controlling the building's power plant, heat, lights, andN	security system, to allowing terminal emulation or electronic communicationbetween employees. MAs PBX systems continue to evolve, some are moving toward less centralizedOcontrol.  For example, partially distributed systems have a central computerthat drives slave modules.# This ends the review for Unit 1.S 	  J When someone picks up a phone in a PBX system, where does the dial tone originate from?	 	 A 	The central office
   B The PBX itself
   C The phone itself S %% && ''O Not quite.  In a local loop, the dial tone originates at the central office.J But in a private branch exchange, the dial tone originates from the PBX
 itself.  Do you want another question?S (( L That's right.  In a local loop, the dial tone originates from the centralM office, but with a private exchange, the dial tone originates from the PBX
 itself.  Do you want another question?S (( O That's not right.  The dial tone never originates from the phone itself.  ItQ either originates from the central office, as it does in a local loop, or from	 a PBX.  Do you want another question?S (( 3 Which of the following controls the PBX network?	 	 A 	The trunk lines
   B The station cards
   C The communications processor S )) ** ++Q That's not right.  The trunk lines are special lines that run from the centralP office to ports in the system.  The communications processor controls the PBX network.  Do you want another question?S ,, K Incorrect.  The station cards regulate the flow of incoming calls to theQ individual extensions.  The communications processor controls the PBX network.  Do you want another question?S ,, S Yes.  The communications processor contains switching matrices to route incoming< and outgoing calls, and thereby controls the PBX network.  Do you want another question?S ,, H Which of the following provides connections for incoming calls to the communications processor?	 	 A 	Station card
   B 
Trunk card
   C Feature card S -- .. //I Sorry.  The station card regulates the flow of calls to the individualM extensions.  The trunk card provides connections for incoming calls to the
 processor.  Do you want another question?S 00 N Yes.  The trunk card circuits provide connections for incoming calls to the communications processor.  Do you want another question?S 00 R No.  The feature card adds intelligence to the system.  The trunk card controls/ the flow of incoming calls to the processor.  Do you want another question?S 00  True or False?S Redundant design in a telephone system can help prevent failure of the system at
 peak usage.S 11 22
 Yes, it istrueC.  Although people have learned to live with the fact that theirQ computer system may "crash," they are less likely to accept a failure in theirO telephone system.  This has led to redundancy in designing systems to insure that they will not "crash."  Do you want another question?S 33  Sorry, it is
true=.  Although people have learned to live with the fact thatQ their computer system may "crash," they are less likely to accept a failure inN their telephone system.  This has led to redundancy in designing systems to% insure that they will not "crash."  Do you want another question?S 33  True or False?H As PBX equipment continues to evolve, new systems put an even greater*
 responsibility on the central computer.S 44 55 No, that isfalse>.  PBX systems are moving away from a centralized computer,0 even to the point of eliminating it entirely./Instead, many now have3 distributed intelligence throughout the network.  Do you want another question?S 66  Yes, that statement isfalse,.  The PBX systems are moving away from aF centralized computer, even to the point of eliminating it entirely.EInstead,A many now have distributed intelligence throughout the network.  Do you want another question?S 66 < A private branch exchange is "private" because switching:  A @Is done separately from other switching at the central office	   B KMechanisms are installed at the place of business and serve one customer   C AIs completed at the Regional Office, not at the central office S 77 88 99O No.  All switching in the central office is done in the same manner.  With a- PBX, however, all switching mechanisms are&+installed at the place of business.  Do you want another question?S :: O Correct.  With the PBX system, the business owns or rents the apparatus thatJ controls the switching of phone calls, and the switching mechanisms are& installed at the place of business.  Do you want another question?S :: K Sorry.  With a PBX system, the business owns or rents the apparatus that; controls the switching, and the switching mechanisms are9installed at the place of business.  Do you want another question?S ::  True or False?> The PBX system itself functions much like a central office.S ;; <<
 Yes, it istrueD.  Because the PBX system performs the switching of all calls, it( functions much like a central office.  Do you want another question?S ==  No, it is
trueC.  The PBX system performs the switching of all calls, and so it( functions much like a central office.  Do you want another question?S == ? How many users can the largest PBXs be configured to handle?  A Hundreds	   B Thousands   C Tens of thousands S > ? @O Incorrect.  PBX systems have become so efficient that they can be configuredMto% handle tens of thousands of users.& This ends the questions for Unit 1.S 	  L That is incorrect.  PBX systems have become so efficient that they can be3 configured to handle tens of thousands of users.& This ends the questions for Unit 1.S 	  P That's right.  As a result of advances in technology, the largest PBX systems: can be configured to handle tens of thousands of users.& This ends the questions for Unit 1.S 	  ?p@۱<=p @۱$@         <=p >?p @		  ۱	
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8H H $____________oo______________8H H'(H5&R Please open your workbook to Lesson 6, Unit 2.  After you have finished reading2 this material, press the space bar to continue.S CC	   Would you like to:  A %Review key concepts from this Unit	   B #Answer questions about this Unit   C Go on to another Unit S DD KK  The first PBXs wereelectromechanical#); they had many moving parts and=telephones were connected to an operator console by cords.
 L
The advent of computer technology decreased the number of moving parts in;a PBX, and increased the switching power of PBX systems.' Do you want to review more material?S E CC NIn addition to more efficient switching, the PBX processor offers a company)many ways to control its phone system.
 K
While many features originally found in PBXs are now available in hybridFtelephone systems, the PBX features are generally more flexible and0sophisticated than their hybrid counterparts.' Do you want to review more material?S F CC MBoth PBX and hybrid systems offer intercom features, call forwarding, callOtransferring, and station message detail reporting.  Some PBXs enhance these9features.  For example, call forwarding is easier with;special codesH; ifFyou must change locations, you enter your code (usually a 2-4 digitL	number) into the phone at the new location, and all of your calls will be*
transferred to the indicated extension.
 N
Both PBXs and hybrids offer automatic dialing.  A PBX may enhance this withanelectronic directory,which lists all personnel in the company.' Do you want to review more material?S G CC    Automatic call routing5(ACR) selects the least expensive routes for long-Odistance calls in both systems.  PBX takes this one step further by choosingC	the least expensive routes for long-distance data transmissions. PBX providesring-back queuing*".  With this feature, a user who has anIoutside call blocked is put in an electronic queue (a kind of "waitingKlist"), and the PBX processor dials the user's extension when an outsideline is available.' Do you want to review more material?S H CC OBoth hybrid and PBX systems may offer indicator lights that let users know a@message has been received for them.  But some PBXs also offer
BelectronicmessagingDcapability which automatically notes a caller's name, number, andthe time of the call. %PBX also allows the creation of an'electronic message center@.  Employees inIthe center enter messages into keyboard/display units.  When you see aO
"message waiting" light, you may call the message center, read your messagesIon a communications terminal, or get a hard copy of your messages on aprinter.' Do you want to review more material?S I CC KPBX systems can be connected to each other in a variety of ways that canGsimplify communications and control costs for companies that conduct-	business from several different locations. Many companies now rentprivate lines$*which are not part of the regularJswitching network, but are completely devoted to a particular customer.JBoth ends of a private line terminate at a specific location, such as aOcompany's headquarters and a branch office.  Many of these circuits are alsoavailable without a PBX.' Do you want to review more material?S J CC Anautomatic ring-down circuit/#provides an automatic connection between two
locations.	 	An	off-premise extension3	(OPX) is a type of private line which connects a;
PBX or hybrid phone to a remote location as if it were aregular extension. Atie-line,connects two PBXs at different locations. Aforeign exchange service-(FX) permits local calls to a PBX which isIlocated in a different exchange or a different city.  In this way, theFcaller does not pay the toll charges, and the company gets a "local"presence" in a particular area.# This ends the review for Unit 2.S CC	  + The first private branch exchanges were:  A 
Electronic	   B Electromechanical   C Electric S LL MM NNP Sorry, that's incorrect.  Today's PBXs are electronic, which means that theirJ hardware has few moving parts.  The first private branch exchanges were electromechanicalB, which means that their hardware was bulky and had many moving	 parts.  Do you want another question?S O CC; That's correct.  The first private branch exchanges were9electromechanicalJ,G which means that their hardware was bulky and had many moving parts.  Do you want another question?S O CCJ You're partly right.  All telephone equipment uses electricity, but theG important point here is that the first private branch exchanges were electromechanicalB.  This means that their hardware was bulky and had many moving	 parts.  Do you want another question?S O CCG Does a PBX offer any important features besides efficient switching?S P QR That's correct.  Since a PBX is based on computer technology, it can be used toB control costs and many other aspects of a company phone system.  Do you want another question?S R CCS That's incorrect.  Because a PBX is based on computer technology, it can also beJ used to control costs and many other aspects of a company phone system.  Do you want another question?S R CCG Are the features found in hybrid systems generally more flexible and- sophisticated than their PBX counterparts?S S TR Sorry, that's incorrect.  The features available on both hybrid and PBX systemsG are generally more sophisticated and flexible in their PBX versions.  Do you want another question?S UU CCK That's right.  The features available on both hybrid and PBX systems areP generally more sophisticated and flexible in their PBX versions, not in their hybrid versions.  Do you want another question?S UU CC4 What feature may enhance an electronic directory?  A Automatic dialing	   B Automatic call routing   C Automatic line selection S VV WW XXS That's correct.  The electronic directory allows a user to look up an employee'sE name, and then have the processor dial the employee automatically.  Do you want another question?S YY CC: That's incorrect.  The electronic directory may enhance8automatic dialingJbyR allowing a user to look up an employee's name, and then have the processor dial the employee automatically.  Do you want another question?S YY CC7 That's incorrect.  The electronic directory enhances5automatic dialingGbyR allowing a user to look up an employee's name, and then have the processor dial the employee automatically.  Do you want another question?S YY CCA Which of the following is a feature found only on PBX systems?  A #Station message detail reporting	   B Automatic call routing   C Ring-back queuing S ZZ [[ \\R That's incorrect.  Station message detail reporting is found on both hybrid and PBX systems.Ring-back queuing,/!which puts a user in an electronic queue andL rings the user's phone when a line is free, is found only on PBX systems.  Do you want another question?S ]] CCP That's incorrect.  Automatic call routing is available on both hybrid and PBX systems.
Ring-back queuing,5which puts a user in an electronic queue and ringsF the user's phone when a line is free, is found only on PBX systems.  Do you want another question?S ]] CC That's correct.Ring-back queuing,+$which puts a user in an electronic queueP and rings the user's phone when a line is free, is found only on PBX systems.  Do you want another question?S ]] CCO Some PBXs can note a caller's name, number, and the time of a call.  What is this feature called?	 	 A 	Electronic messaging
   B Ring-back queuing
   C #Station message detail reporting S ^^ __ `` That's correct.Electronic messaging*&capabilities note these details about aM call.  Employees can look at their messages on a display, and delete those already dealt with.  Do you want another question?S aa CCN That's incorrect.  Ring-back queuing puts a user in an electronic queue and. rings the user's phone when a line is free.-Electronic messagingBcapabilitiesR on a PBX note the details of a call.  Employees can look at their messages on a5 display, and then delete those already dealt with.  Do you want another question?S aa CCJ That's incorrect.  SMDR provides detailed information on traffic in the company's phone system.Electronic messaging!.capabilities on a PBX note theM details of a call.  An employee can look at his messages on a display, and" delete those he has dealt with.  Do you want another question?S aa CCF What type of private line connects two PBXs at different locations?  A Off-premise extension	   B Tie-line   C Automatic ring-down circuit S b c dR That's not quite right.  An off-premise extension allows a distant phone to actH as a local extension of a PBX, but it is still part of that PBX.  TheFtie-line6 is the type of private line that connects two PBXs.& This ends the questions for Unit 2.S CC	   That's correct.  Thetie-line0is the type of private line that connects twoN PBXs in different locations.  Users may then communicate between PBXs using access codes.& This ends the questions for Unit 2.S CC	  H That's incorrect.  An automatic ring-down circuit connects two phones2 automatically when the receiver is lifted.  The0tie-line9is the type of private line that connects two PBXs.& This ends the questions for Unit 2.S CC	  p 	x :x            p 	x $G         :x Ex 	p 				x 		#@	$G  	&@    	*G   	.ͻ	:x 	Ex 
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?x        x9xM This Unit describes how PBX systems can link computers and data processingK equipment, and integrate voice and data information on a single network.S f	  '(H $ooͿ8H H &oo78H H &oo	,LESSON4678H 		H 		&oo	7	8H 
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8H H $____________oo______________8H H'(H5&R Please open your workbook to Lesson 6, Unit 3.  After you have finished reading2 this material, press the space bar to continue.S gg	   Would you like to:  A %Review key concepts from this Unit	   B #Answer questions about this Unit   C Go on to another Unit S hh mm  Alocal area network8(LAN) links information processing equipment within aLbuilding or other limited area, typically by means of coaxial cable which'	allows high-speed data transmission. KLANs allow employees to access information on several different computer<systems, or to share peripheral devices such as printers.' Do you want to review more material?S i gg MSince the early 1980s, many manufacturers have introduced PBX systems that4can link data workstations in addition to phones.
 L
This new alternative forces businesses to decide whether to have separateCLANs for their computer needs, to integrate their voice and dataBtransmission on PBX, or to use both LANs and PBXs for differentapplications.' Do you want to review more material?S j gg KSome potential advantages of the PBX system are that it does not requireEinstalling new cable, it is already equipped to handle many of theO	operations that the LAN would have to be programmed for, and the PBX permits/sharing of resources and economies of scale. JPBX also allows the integration of voice and data information.  This isMparticularly important if a company wants to have the ability to use voice0mail or leave voice messages on its computer.' Do you want to review more material?S k gg NIntegration of voice and data information is particularly easy with the useMof digital PBXs, which transmit voice messages in digital code.  The codecO	chips in the phone handsets employ pulse-code-modulation to translate analog(voice waves into digital bit streams. IIn nondigital systems, separate wires and ports are required for voice,(analog) and data (digital) transmission.' Do you want to review more material?S l gg ESupporters of LANs have traditionally argued that they have higherNtransmission speeds.  If high transmission speed is an issue, the user will@need to compare specific LAN and PBX products in these terms.	 M	Some experts maintain that the most important issue is the ratio of voice-+
to-data transmission within the company. MIf a business plans to use a network primarily for voice communcations, itM
may find that integrating voice and data on a PBX is best for their needs.KIf the business uses a network primarily for data communications, it mayneed a LAN.# This ends the review for Unit 3.S gg	  < Which function does the local area network (LAN) perform?  A ?Links information processing equipment within a limited area	   B ?Hooks up multiple phone lines to allow businesses many lines   C DCreates a network between local central offices so they interlink S nn oo ppS Good.  The LAN links information processing equipment, such as computer systems,+ within a building or other limited area.  Do you want another question?S qq ggO No.  The local area network serves to link information processing equipment,E such as computer systems, within a building or other limited area.  Do you want another question?S qq ggO No.  The local area network serves to link information processing equipment,E such as computer systems, within a building or other limited area.  Do you want another question?S qq gg True or False?L One advantage of PBXs for data transmission is that the cost of wiring is$
 usually less than that of an LAN.S rr ss That's right, it'strue.3PBXs generally use existing phone wires for data communications.  Do you want another question?S tt gg Sorry, it'strue.>LANs generally require installing coaxial cable, while PBXs> generally use existing phone wires for data communications.  Do you want another question?S tt gg@ One traditional argument in favor of the LAN over the PBX is:  A %Their installation costs are lower	   B 'They have higher transmission speeds   C #There is no need for programming S uu vv wwO That's incorrect.  Because new cable must be installed, the LAN is generallyQ more expensive to install.  They often have higher transmission speeds though,? so this traditionally has been an argument in favor of LANs.  Do you want another question?S xx ggS Yes.  The LANs often have higher transmission speeds, so this can be an argument in their favor.  Do you want another question?S xx ggJ Not quite.  The LAN does require some programming.  They do have higherP transmission speeds though, so this is a traditional argument in the favor of the LANs.  Do you want another question?S xx gg True or False?> Voice and data integration is particularly easy with a LAN.S yy zz That's not right, it is	false.* The LAN is designed for high-speed data. transmission, not for voice communications.  Do you want another question?S {{ gg
 Yes, it is	false.@The LAN is designed for high-speed data transmission, not for voice communications.  Do you want another question?S {{ ggG If a business finds that the majority of its communications are dataL transmissions, which of the following is most likely to suit their needs:	 	 A 	Digital PBX
   B 
Analog PBX
   C Local area network S || }} ~~Q That's incorrect.  With a digital PBX, constant data transmission could affect$ the system's traffic capacity.  A"local area network,6however, would help to avoid this problem.  Do you want another question?S  ggS Sorry.  With an analog PBX, constant data transmission could affect the system's traffic capacity.  Alocal area network,$)however, would help to avoid this problem.  Do you want another question?S  gg5 Good.  This will probably be their best choice.  A3local area network
Fwill avoidQ overloading the capacity of the PBX, which is needed for voice communications.  Do you want another question?S  gg True or False? Local area networks (LANs)	always-"transmit data at a higher speed than PBXs.S  : Sorry, that was a difficult question.  The statement is	8false.@Although LANsM have often been faster than PBXs in the past, products are now changing soK quickly that it is impossible to make firm generalizations of this sort.& This ends the questions for Unit 3.S gg	  > Very good, that was a difficult question.  The statement is<falseA, even thoughO LANs have often been faster than PBXs in the past.  These days, products areQ changing so quickly that it is impossible to make firm generalizations of this sort.& This ends the questions for Unit 3.S gg	  -AG	C/	p p /0@ 1G    5LU. University  D@   |                  /0@ 1G  45G   9:H   >?G   CD@   	|                  	/	0@ 		1G      	7@     
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8H H $____________oo______________8H H'(H5&R Please open your workbook to Lesson 6, Unit 4.  After you have finished reading2 this material, press the space bar to continue.S 	   Would you like to:  A %Review key concepts from this Unit	   B #Answer questions about this Unit   C Go on to another Unit S    TheCentrex system;is a variation on the PBX theme and can be thought of as time-sharing on a PBX system.
 N
The Centrex system involves renting a service rather than hardware from theNphone company, so the equipment remains at the original phone company site.' Do you want to review more material?S   MOriginally, due to the high price of computer hardware, the Centrex systemHwas appropriate only for businesses using thousands of phones.  TodayJ	Centrex service is available for many different types of organizations. HThe Centrex system requires more wires for installation than the PBX,Obecause each phone set must be wired to the central office.  An organizationLusing the Centrex system does not, however, need to provide space for, or%maintain, the switching equipment.# This ends the review for Unit 4.S 	   True or False?O If a business chooses a Centrex system, it will be required to buy switching#
 hardware from the phone company.S   Sorry, the answer is	false.2Centrex is a service, not a piece of equipment.  Do you want another question?S   That's right, the answer is	false.'$Centrex is a service, not a piece ofC equipment.  However, the customer must still buy or rent phones.  Do you want another question?S  H To work effectively, Centrex installation requires a large number of:  A Wires	   B Multiple-line phones   C Single-line phones S   2 That's correct.  In a Centrex system, a pair of0wires6must be run from eachR individual station to the central office, just as they would if every phone had its own separate line.  Do you want another question?S  P That's not correct.  A Centrex system uses single-line phones and you can getN Centrex service for a small number of phones, but Centrex installation does' require a relatively large number of	%wires,#,because each station must have a& line running to the central office.  Do you want another question?S  K That's not correct.  Although Centrex does use single-line phones, it isN available for a small number of phones.  Installation of the Centrex system7 does, however, require a relatively larger number of	5wires.  Do you want another question?S  G Is a Centrex system usually located at the user's place of business?S  S Sorry, that's not right.  Although a PBX system is usually located at the user'sP place of business, the Centrex system is located at the phone company.  Thus,0 businesses buy the service, not the hardware.& This ends the questions for Unit 4.S 	  L That's correct.  The Centrex system is not located at the user's place ofQ business, but at the phone company.  Thus, businesses buy the service, not the hardware.& This ends the questions for Unit 4.S 	  p    
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*G1p                   Q Now you can try applying the material in Lesson 6.  In this exercise, you willK help Merle and Erica, the founders of the ice cream company described inO Lesson 5, to deal with the telecommunications needs of their rapidly growing corporation.S 	  P To successfully complete this exercise, you will need to be familiar with the( basic concepts described in Lesson 6. Would you like to:  A Go on to the exercise   B "Review the material in Lesson 6 S  P It has been several years since you advised Merle and Erica to buy the hybridJ phone system they are now using.  Six months ago, they introduced a newM	 breakfast ice cream called "Granola Sunrise," and ever since they have hadQ trouble keeping up with their success.  One of the things they've let slide is
 their phone system.S 	  Q Despite their success, they are still bickering over the brand name of the iceP cream, and have been talking about changing it.  You have agreed to arbitrateN and must decide whether to call the product Emilio's, Merle's, or something else.R
 Since they are finally entering the T-shirt business, and a long name won't fitQ on the shirts they've designed, the ice cream brand name cannot be more than 8 letters long.F Please type in any name for the ice cream that is 8 letters or less and then press RETURN :S  p    
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G,&p                                         P Merle's barn has been expanded into a full-blown ice cream factory; there areQ now nearly 200 employees working on three different shifts.  The hybrid system. you recommended is still in operation here.S 	  t
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-p   p   $+p   p   %\ /+p    P They also recently purchased an old shoe factory a few miles from the office,Q and have converted it to manufacture T-shirts.  If the T-shirts are as popularA as they hope, there may soon be over 100 workers at this site.S 	  Q Merle and Erica finally have a free day to discuss upgrading the phone system,R and they meet you at the office building in Erica's penthouse suite.  When yourM	 10:00 appointment begins at 10:40, Erica greets you by saying, "I'm sorry.O Our distributor just called to tell us that there is a worldwide shortage ofN
 granola, and we should expect the price to double in the next few weeks.  IB think that guy's getting a little too greedy for his own good."S 	  R "Anyway, we don't have much time.  Ever since our breakfast ice cream took off,R we've been buying more and more phones.  Within the next two years, we may wellJ	 hire over 1,500 new employees.  Do you think we should just keep adding' extensions on to our hybrid system?" Do you say yes or no?S  L Sorry.  Hybrid phone systems generally have a limit of 150 to 200 phones.Q Unfortunately, 200 phones would not be adequate for a company that hires 1,500 new employees.S 	   That's right."No"6is the correct answer, because hybrid phone systemsR generally have a limit of 150 to 200 phones.  Obviously 200 phones would not be9 adequate for a company that hires 1,500 new employees.S 	  O You say, "I think you'll find a PBX-based system to be far more adaptable toL your growth.  What makes it different from your hybrid system is that it:	 	 A 2	Allows easier access to microwave distribution"
   B >Transmits voice messages in digital form instead of analog"
   C *Is more sophisticated and programmable" S   I That's not right.  PBX systems do not allow easier access to microwaveN distribution.  The principle difference between a PBX and Merle and Erica'sM current hybrid system is that, because the phone system is controlled by a7 computer, it is more sophisticated and programmable.S 	  P Sorry.  Some PBXs have the capability of transmitting voice communications inN digital form, but other PBXs use analog channels for the same purpose.  TheQ principal difference between a PBX and Merle and Erica's current hybrid systemL is that, because the phone system is controlled by a computer, it is more" sophisticated and programmable.S 	  P That's correct.  The principal difference between a PBX and Merle and Erica'sM current hybrid system is that a PBX is more sophisticated.  It can provideG efficient switching and control of company telecommunications needs.S 	  S After fidgeting in his chair for a few minutes, Merle pipes in, "Are you tellingM me that if we buy this PBF gadget, a COMPUTER will be running our phones?"N
 "I guess you could put it that way," you reply, trying to sound reassuring.S 	  O "It's actually called a PBX, and has one or more computers inside.  The main6 part that controls your phone system is called the:	 	 A 	Primary CPU"
   B Communications processor"
   C Microprocessor" S   S That's not quite right.  The central processing unit (CPU) is any microprocessorQ that controls the operations of a computer.  The correct term for the computer unit that controls a PBX iscommunications processor.S 	  O That's right.  The correct term for the computer unit that controls a PBX is communications processor.3This unit routes incoming and outgoing calls and1 controls the various features of a PBX system.S 	   That's not quite right.Microprocessor((is a general term which refers to anyL small processing unit that controls a computer.  While a PBX is likely toK contain several microprocessors, the correct term for the main unit that# controls the phone system is the!communications processor.S 	  p                         t                        0p p    t  @/           \+t   .p   p  t   @/ FEED STORE  \,t  .p   	p    	@/               \	-p    
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"@        ,p     p     @         ,p     p     G,p     N "I don't much care about PBX or PB&J," says Merle.  "But I do know a littleO about computers.  A few months ago, Jed put one in down at the feed store to  keep track of all his bills."S 	  N "The thing about Jed's computer," Merle continues, "is that it keeps `goingR down,' and now he's further behind than ever.  If we buy this PBX, is our phone1	 system going to go out of whack all the time?"S  S That's incorrect.  PBX architecture is designed to be highly reliable to prevent the system from going down.S 	  S That's right.  PBX architecture is designed to be highly reliable to prevent the system from "going down."S 	  L You explain that because businesses cannot afford to lose their telephoneH service even for a brief period, PBX design can use the principle of:	 	 A 	Stored programs
   B  Partially distributed systems
   C 
Redundancy S   N That's incorrect.  While stored programs are a powerful PBX component, theyP cannot prevent the system from becoming inoperable in the event of a hardware! failure.  Some PBX hardware isredundant$(, meaning that key components areR duplicated.  In other words, if a key piece of hardware fails, there is another@ identical component in the system to take over its functions.S 	  F Not quite.  A partially distributed system will halt if the central8 communications processor fails.  Some PBX hardware is6redundant?, meaning thatM key components are duplicated.  In other words, if a key piece of hardwareM fails, there is another identical component in the system to take over its
 functions.S 	  ( That's correct.  Some PBX hardware is&redundant$/, meaning that key components areR duplicated.  In other words, if a key piece of hardware fails, there is another@ identical component in the system to take over its functions.S 	  Q "For example," you go on, "some PBXs are protected against power failures by aR built-in spare power supply.  Although some manufacturers are now talking aboutJ	 building this kind of redundancy into standard computers, right now PBX, processors are one of the best examples."S 	  P "Another advantage of PBX equipment," you say, "is that its features are very flexible as a result of:	 	 A 	Stored programs"
   B !Partially distributed systems"
   C Fully distributed systems" S    That's correct.Stored programs0!control the PBX.  They, and therefore the PBXQ features, may be modified quite easily by choosing various options on a screen menu.S 	  Q That's not right.  Partial distribution refers to the distribution of computer% architecture in a PBX system.  But#stored programs3control the PBX.  TheseL programs, and therefore the PBX features, may be modified quite easily by- choosing various options on a screen menu.S 	  K That's not it.  Full distribution refers to the distribution of computer% architecture in a PBX system.  But#stored programs3control the PBX.  TheseL programs, and therefore the PBX features, may be modified quite easily by- choosing various options on a screen menu.S 	  R "For example," you say, "weren't you having trouble a few years ago with people making long-distance calls?"S "You have a good memory," says Merle.  "We were getting bills for a lot of callsI	 to San Francisco, and we didn't have any business in California then."O Erica turns to Merle and says, "Remember all the grief you used to give poor+ Billy Simpson about making those calls?"L Merle looks a bit surly and says, "I still think it could have been him."S 	  R "Merle," says Erica in exasperation, "you just have it in for Billy because you3 hate his brother, the `Madison Avenue' hotshot."P
 She turns to you for support.  "First, we fixed all the phones that Billy had6 access to so he couldn't make long-distance calls."S 	  ' Which feature is Erica referring to?  A #Station message detail reporting	   B Restriction feature   C Automatic call routing S   Q Not quite.  Although SMDR can be used to determine the origin of dubious phone	 calls,restriction features7enable companies to limit individual phones to local< calls only, or to prohibit any outgoing calls whatsoever.S 	   That's right.Restriction features.$enable companies to limit individual phonesE to local calls only, or to prohibit any outgoing calls whatsoever.S 	  P That's incorrect.  Automatic call routing sends long distance calls along the least expensive route.Restriction features-enable companies to limitK individual phones to local calls only, or to prohibit any outgoing calls whatsoever.S 	  P "Despite the restriction," Erica continued, "the calls went on.  Then we usedP that other feature to identify the phone being used to make the calls, the...	 	 A %	station message detail reporting."
   B electronic directory."
   C ring-down circuit." S   8 That's correct.  Station message detail reporting, or6SMDR:, generates detailedP records of the origin of company calls, and other information about telephone traffic.S 	  Q That's not it.  The electronic directory makes it easier for employees to makeB calls within the company.  Station message detail reporting, or@SMDRD, generatesO detailed records of the origin of company calls, and other information about telephone traffic.S 	  S That's not it.  A ring-down circuit provides an automatic connection between two4 phones.  But station message detail reporting, or2SMDR6, generates detailedP records of the origin of company calls, and other information about telephone traffic.S 	  N "That's right," said Erica.  "With SMDR, we found that all the calls to SanP Francisco were coming from Lance Fisher's office in the security department."?
 "Don't forget to mention what Lance told me," Merle mutters.O
 Erica says skeptically:  "Lance claimed that Billy must have broken into hisP office to make the calls.  But the security office is harder to get into thanL our safe.  Anyway, we haven't had one extra call to San Francisco since."S 	  O Hoping to get the conversation back on track, you say:  "I'm glad that thoseP features helped you.  One of the best things about a PBX is the fact that youN	 can get more sophisticated and flexible versions of the same features.  ForD example, are any of your calling restrictions creating problems?"S 	  @4@5G( 7@%G /       /         //            <@'	G    /   //       //      /          	=@ 	>Go'
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2G   GG  G  "@$@.G   2G   G  G  .G   2G   t  t  /t  3t  R "I can think of one problem," offers Merle.  "All of the phones in the barn areQ fixed so that you can't make outgoing calls.  Once or twice a month, Doc BrownO has to come over in the middle of the night to examine one of our Holsteins.R Sometimes, he wants to use one of the phones in the barn to call another vet or the hospital."S 	  N "A PBX can help you there," you say.  "To set it up so the barn phones wereJ able to make outgoing calls at night only, you could simply change the:	 	 A 	Communications processor"
   B Stored program"
   C Night bell" S   R That's incorrect.  The communications processor is a hardware component that is/ not altered unless the PBX is expanded.  The-stored program;, or software, of theR communications processor can be altered easily, often by following prompts on aL screen menu.  This allows the conversion that would help Merle and Erica.S 	   That's right.  Thestored program1!, or software, of the communications processorL can be altered easily, often by following prompts on a screen menu.  This9 allows the conversion that would help Merle and Erica.S 	  O That's not correct.  The night bell itself does not need to be altered.  The stored program@, or software, of the communications processor can be alteredS easily, often by following prompts on a screen menu.  This allows the conversion# that would help Merle and Erica.S 	  @ 
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,@       EG "Another thing you could do with the PBX is handle some of your dataR communications needs.  Erica, I've seen a lot of computers in different offices0 down here.  Are any of them hooked together?"S "Yes," she says.  "Ralph is always putting new cables into the wall or ceiling."S 	  : The office computers are probably hooked together in a:  A Local area network	   B Wide area network   C Private data network S   O That's correct.  The most common method of networking computers in an office> environment is wiring them together with coaxial cable in a<local area networkN,
 or LAN.S 	  M That's not quite right.  A wide area network involves linking computers inO different locations using public telephone lines.  The most common method ofM networking computers in an office environment is wiring them together with coaxial cable in alocal area network%, or LAN.S 	  Q That's incorrect.  The most common method of networking computers in an office? environment  is wiring them together with coaxial cable in a=local area networkO,
 or LAN.S 	  P "Instead of using a local area network," you say, "you might consider hookingB the terminals together through a PBX.  One advantage is that...	 	 A >	computers could then be plugged into existing phone lines."
   B ;data transmission with a PBX is faster than with a LAN."
   C Eall PBXs convert digital signals to a more desirable analog form." S   Q That's correct.  PBXs can support both voice and data tramsmission on the same standard phone lines.S 	  R That's not it.  LAN transmission is faster because of the use of coaxial cable.L But because PBXs can support both voice and data transmission on the sameL standard phone lines, computers can be plugged into existing phone lines.S 	  L That's not quite right.  Although some PBXs do convert digital signals toN analog, others do not.  More importantly, many observers would not consider  this conversion an advantage.S 	  R "You've convinced me that PBXs are the way to go," says Erica.  "How many do we	 need?"S
 You pause and look thoughtful.  "I'd recommend three:  one for the farm, anotherJ for the office building downtown, and a third for the T-shirt factory."S 	  S Erica asks, "Is there any way to cut the costs of calling back and forth betweenF the farm and the office?"  You recommend that Erica look into a(n):	 	 A 	Automatic ring-down circuit
   B Tie-line
   C 
Local loop S   P That's not quite right.  An automatic ring-down circuit provides an automaticM connection between two phones when the receiver is lifted off-hook.  But a tie-lineF	provides a connection between two remote PBXs with a monthly charge> that remains the same no matter how often the line is used.S 	   That's correct.  Atie-line5provides a connection between two remote PBXs withO a monthly charge that remains the same no matter how often the line is used.S 	  L That's incorrect.  "Local loop" is the term that describes the connection- between a phone and the central office.  A+tie-line4provides a connectionP between two remote PBXs with a monthly charge that remains the same no matter how often the line is used.S 	  Q Merle now says to you, "I need to be able to reach Erica at a moment's notice.1 If we got separate PBXs, will this be harder?"S  O Sorry, that's incorrect.  With tie-lines connecting the two sites, Merle can$ reach Erica as quickly as before.S 	  L That's correct.  With tie-lines connecting the two sites, Merle can reach Erica as quickly as before.S 	  Q You now say, "You could even get a setup that allows you to have Erica's phone5 ring when you pick up your phone.  This is called:	 	 A 	Off-premise extension"
   B Tie-line"
   C Automatic ring-down circuit" S   Q That's incorrect.  An off-premise extension allows a caller in a PBX system toA dial an outside number as if it were an on-site extension.  An?automatic ring- down circuitB
allows Merle to pick up his phone and have Erica's ring without dialing.S 	  O That's incorrect.  A tie-line connects two PBXs and allows a user to dial anR access code and then dial a number at the other PBX as if it were a local call. Anautomatic ring-down circuit-allows Merle to pick up his phone and have  Erica's ring without dialing.S 	   That's correct.  Anautomatic ring-down circuit0allows Merle to pick up his/ phone and have Erica's ring without dialing.S 	   p    
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1!$t        ,13p 5!$&+p,| 	-3p 5 ... and the T-shirt factory.S 	  O Thanks to you, they will have a telephone system which will continue to meet> their needs, no matter how popular Granola Sunrise becomes..
 Congratulations on completing the exercise.S 	    O  ͻ  J 	LESSON 6  O   ͼ   O       	Unit MenuS   J 	LESSON 6   	Unit 1 - PBX ArchitectureS   O  ͻ  J 	LESSON 6  O   ͼ   O       	Unit 1 - PBX ArchitectureS   G  @ OJ 	LESSON 6  @ GPBXO	 @ O	Unit 1 - PBX ArchitectureS   J 	LESSON 6   (	Unit 2 - PBX and Voice CommunicationsS   O  ͻ  J 	LESSON 6  O   ͼ   O       (	Unit 2 - PBX and Voice CommunicationsS   G  @ OJ 	LESSON 6  @ GPBXO	 @ O(	Unit 2 - PBX and Voice CommunicationsS   J 	LESSON 6   '	Unit 3 - PBX and Data CommunicationsS   O  ͻ  J 	LESSON 6  O   ͼ   O       '	Unit 3 - PBX and Data CommunicationsS   G  @ OJ 	LESSON 6  @ GPBXO	 @ O'	Unit 3 - PBX and Data CommunicationsS   J 	LESSON 6   #	Unit 4 - The Centrex AlternativeS   O  ͻ  J 	LESSON 6  O   ͼ   O       #	Unit 4 - The Centrex AlternativeS   O 	 @ O J 	LESSON 6  CO@  O 
@ #	Unit 4 - The Centrex AlternativeS   J 	LESSON 6   #	Unit 5 - Putting It All TogetherS   O  ͻ  J 	LESSON 6  O   ͼ   O       #	Unit 5 - Putting It All TogetherS   / @_  @_ \J 	LESSON 6 	@ |    @| @||#	Unit 5 - Putting It All TogetherS F @CG D@PressIG 	J@space S D @AG 	B@SelectHG I@YJG K@orMG N@N S D @AG 	B@SelectHG I@TJG K@orMG N@FOG S S @ Select A-C S D @AG 	B@SelectHG I@AJG K@orMG N@BOG S G @DG 	E@SelectKG L@1-3 S G @DG 	E@SelectKG L@1-4OG S G @DG 	E@SelectKG L@1-5OG S G @DG 	E@SelectKG L@1-6OG S G @DG 	E@SelectKG L@1-7OG S G @DG 	E@SelectKG L@1-8OG S G @DG 	E@SelectKG L@1-9OG S G @DG 	E@SelectKG L@A-GOG S G @DG 	E@SelectKG L@A-DOG S G @DG 	E@SelectKG L@A-EOG S G @DG 	E@SelectKG L@A-F S G @DG 	E@SelectKG L@A-HOG S  S S S S S S S S  